Digestive and Urogenital Systems
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Created by:
haleybarrier on November 14, 2011
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103 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 abdominopelvic cavity | from diaphragm to floor of pelvis |
| 2 divisions of abdominopelvic cavity | larger/upper=abdominal cavity (bound by abdominal wall and lumbar vertebrae) smaller/lower= pelvic (urinary and reproductive organs; bound by bones of pelvis and sacrum) |
| abdominal cavity bound by: | abdominal wall and lumbar vertebrae |
| pelvic cavity bound by: | bones of pelvis and sacrum |
| spleen | not a digestive organ |
| oral cavity | from labia to end of soft palate, from tongue to hard palate, from cheek to cheek lined with mucous membrane, some specialized to produce saliva but most saliva from salivary glands |
| salivary glands | 3 pairs: parotid, submandibular, sublingual connected to oral cavity by exocrine ducts |
| exocrine ducts | connect salivary glands to oral cavity |
| oropharynx | tongue pushes food and rink into this |
| elevate hyoid | makes epiglottis close over larynx opening, so food and drink pushed through laryngopharynx and into esophagus |
| peristaltic contractions | propel bolus to stomach |
| pelvic brim (inlet) | area where the abdominopelvic cavity is divided roughly |
| peritoneal cavity (coelom) | fluid filled cavity surrounding digestive viscera |
| digestive viscera | begin life in embryo suspended in mesentery |
| mesentery | hold organs in place and transmit blood vessel, lymphatic vessels, and nerves |
| development continues | connection to mesentery not always obvious, but most do retain connection to posterior wall of abdomen by mesentery |
| visceral peritoneum | serous membrane...cover digestive organs |
| parietal peritoneum | lines peritoneal cavity |
| visceral and parietal peritoneum | secrete fluid that eliminates friction occurring between highly mobile digestive viscera and abdominal walls |
| gut | stomach, intestines, colon |
| cardia | esophagus opens to stomach |
| fundus | superior to cardia, rounded rough of stomach |
| body of stomach | tapers towards small intestine |
| pylorus | extreme tapering toward end of stomach |
| pyloric sphincter | strong muscle that gates entrance to duodenum of small intestine |
| rugae | flatten as stomach expands with food...mucosa forms large folds |
| greater omentum | large, fatty, fold of peritoneal membrane that hangs from greater curvature of the stomach |
| chyme | partially digested food, enters duodenum from pyloric sphincter |
| duodenum | small (10") C-shaped segment that is the first of 3 segments...site where secretions of pancreas and bile enter digestive tract |
| pancreas secretions and bile enter digestive tract | at duodenum |
| hepatic duct | bile from liver travels down this |
| gall bladder | stores excess bile |
| cystic duct | gall bladder joins hepatic duct via this duct |
| common bile duct | union of hepatic and cystic duct |
| sphincter at this ducts end | regulates release of bile to duodenum |
| jejunum | second segment of s.i., upper left quadrant |
| ileum | lower right quadrant third segment |
| cecum | ileum empties into this at ileocecal junction small sac where appendix is is attached |
| ileocecal junction | where ileum empties into cecum |
| appendix | attached to cecum, can be removed |
| ascending colon | next to cecum in l.i. |
| transverse colon | horizontal portion of l.i. |
| descending colon | descending part of large intestine |
| sigmoid colon | "S" shaped one, turns into pelvic cavity to become rectum |
| rectum | last part of large intestine prior to anus |
| anus | rectum terminates as a ring of muscle |
| abdominal aorta | arterial blood supply of digestive organs comes from this portion of the aorta |
| celiac trunk | large branch of abdominal aorta which branches into 3 smaller vessels to serve: stomach, liver, pancreas |
| superior mesenteric artery | branch that serves nearly all of small intestine |
| renal arteries (2) | below/lateral to superior mesenteric artery serves kidney on corresponding side |
| inferior mesenteric artery | supplies arterial blood to large intestine |
| hepatic portal vein | veins draining into the digestive viscera empty into this common vessel transports blood into the liver before it enters major systemic circulation |
| urinary and reproductive organs | outside of the peritoneal cavity |
| kidneys | posterior to the peritoneal cavity, within abdominal cavity |
| reproductive organs | pelvic cavity, along with UB and rectum |
| kidneys | filter blood from renal arteries and produce urine as waste |
| ureters | transmit urine to UB |
| urinary bladder | storage of urine, stretches |
| urethra | urine passes out of body from the bladder through this duct |
| renal capsule | thin but tough covering of kidney |
| cortex | out layer of kidney |
| medulla | inner region of kidney |
| renal pyramids | discrete segments of medulla collecting ducts that drain urine to minor calyces |
| renal columns | inward extensions of cortex tissue that separate renal pyramids |
| minor calyces | collecting ducts from pyramids drain urine into these, converge to form major calyces |
| major calyces | converging of minor calyces then these converge to make renal pelvis |
| renal pelvis | portion of kidney that narrows to become ureter |
| retroperitoneal | kidneys lie within abdominal cavity, but posterior to peritoneal cavity |
| pelvic cavity | division is imaginary, considered to lie at the pelvic brim (inlet) |
| pelvic viscera | outside of ad inferior to the peritoneal cavity |
| female pelvic cavity organs | ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, urinary bladder, and rectum occupy pelvic cavity |
| male pelvic cavity organs | urinary bladder, prostate (surrounds urethra), rectum |
| testes | inside of scrotum, outside of pelvic cavity |
| scrotum | holds testes, outside of pelvic cavity |
| vas deferens | tubes that connect testes to res of male reproductive system by transporting sperm from epididymis to urethra |
| vas deferens | travel through anterior abdominal wall and into pelvic cavity where they lie on posterior wall of bladder |
| ejaculatory duct | seminal vesicles and vas deferens empties into prostate gland |
| seminal vesicles | paired glands that join with vas deferens to form ejaculatory duct |
| prostate gland | surrounds urethra and enlarges as male ages, causes problems with urination the ejaculatory ducts empty here and allow semen to pass into urethra |
| bulbourethral gland | below prostate |
| male urethra | 3 regions: prostatic- membranous-spongy |
| prostatic urethra | urethra that passes through the prostate |
| membranous urethra | through muscular floor of the pelvis |
| spongy urethra | passes out of pelvis and through the penis |
| penis | largely composed of erectile tissues in 3 chambers |
| corpora cavernosa | paired upper chambers, in close contact throughout length of penis but diverge at the base to attach to inferior rami of pubic bones |
| corpus spongiosum | third chamber, surrounds urethra as it emerges from pelvis...forms glans of penis |
| glans | formed of corpus spongiosum tissue |
| ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus | between UB and rectum within pelvic cavity |
| uterine tubes (2) | fallopian tubes |
| uterine tubes | join to form body of uterus |
| cervix | most inferior portion of the uterus, a muscular ring |
| vagina | connects uterus to exterior muscular tube that serves as birth canal and organ of sexual intercourse |
| infundibulum | region/ part of uterine tube that appears stringy/feathery, on the very end of the tube |
| ampulla | region/ segment of uterine tube where ovary is attached via CT |
| isthmus | region/ part of uterine tube between body of ovary and uterus |
| fimbriae | finger-like, feathery portions at in the infundibulum region |
| labia minora | inner lips of vulva mucosa covered merge anteriorly to form hood of clitoris |
| labia majora | outer lips of vulva skin covered |
| clitoris | sensitive "pleasure" organ anterior to urethra and vaginal opening. like the glans small erectile organ from common embryological structure with the penis |
| vulva | external genitalia |
| external urethral orifice | where urethra opens to external environment, posterior to clitoris and followed by external urethra orifice |
| labia minora | merge anteriorly to form hood of clitoris |
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