5 Written Questions

1. plays a major role in shaping communities by creating and enhancing their habitats in ways that benefit other species (Beaver)
2. random events lead to a significant decrease in a population (examples: bottleneck effect and founder effect)
3. change over time on a grand scale
4. immigration and emigration
5. the process of a new ecosystem forming when their was no ecosystem to start with (on a bare rock)

5 Matching Questions

1. Parasitism
2. Secondary Consumers
3. Nitrification
4. Carbon
5. Stabilizing Selection

1. a found on the third trophic level
2. b a two-step process in which ammonia is converted to nitrites (by Nitrosomes) and then to nitrates by specialized soil bacteria called Nitrobacter
3. c has a valence of four
4. d one organism feeds off of another but normally doesn't kill it
5. e those individuals with the intermediate phenotype are more likely to survive and reproduce than those of the extremes

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. structures that no longer have a function
   1. Ecological Niches
   2. Homologous structures
   3. Specialist species
   4. Vestigial structures
2. the movement of water through the soil
   1. Predation
   2. Percolation
   3. Adaptation
   4. Mutation
3. a symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits and the other is not affected
   1. Predation
   2. Commensalism
   3. Adaptation
   4. Percolation
4. number of different types of species found within an ecosystem
   1. Parasitism
   2. Producers
   3. Species Richness
   4. Specialist species
5. abiotic factors that can affect the number of organisms in a population (example: phosphorus and algae growth)
   1. Ammonification
   2. Nitrogen Fixers
   3. Keystone species
   4. Limiting Factors

5 True/False Questions

1. Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) → the rate at which an ecosystem's producers convert solar energy into chemical energy as biomass found in their tissues

   True        False

2. Species Evenness → illustrates the distribution of species within an ecosystem

   True        False

3. Ammonification → the process of nitrites and nitrates being broken down into ammonia

   True        False

4. Mutation → one organism hunts and kills another

   True        False

5. Resource partitioning → ways to reduce overlaps in niches (feeding in different areas, at different times or on different foods)

   True        False