| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Cellular Respiration | The process by which the cell releases energy in glucose and transfers it to ATP |
| c6h12o6+6o2 yields 6co2+6h20+ATP | What is the chemical equation of cellular respiration? |
| Photosynthesis | Cellular Respiration is the reverse of what process? |
| Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration | What are the two major forms of cell respiration? |
| air | What does the word aerobic mean? |
| Aerobic Respiration | What cells require the presence of oxygen for cell respiration to occur? |
| aerobic respiration | What do most cells perform? Aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration? |
| without air | What does the word anaerobic mean? |
| Anaerobic Respiration | What form of respiration occurs in yeast and some other microorganisms? |
| Anaerobic Respiration | What enables cells to carry out energy production in the absence of oxygen? |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation and Alcoholic Fermentation | What are the two forms of Anaerobic respiration? |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation | What is the cause of muscle cramping? |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | What form of anaerobic respiration has yeast convert sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide? |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | What form of anaerobic respiration is important to bakers and brewers? |
| three stages | How many stages does it take to convert glucose to ATP? |
| ATP | What is glucose converted into? |
| Glycolysis | What occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell? |
| Citric Acid Cycle | What is the Krebs Cycle also known as? |
| Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport | What occurs in the mitochondria? |
| Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport | What are the three stages to convert glucose to ATP? |
| two ATP molecules | What is put in the glycolysis pathway to start the reaction? |
| an enzyme | In glycolysis what is each step catalyzed by? |
| frucose | In glycolysis what is the isomeric change glucose turns into? |
| phosphoglyceraldehyde | What does PGAL stand for? |
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | What does NAD stand for? |
| Diphosphoglyceric Acid | What does DPGA stand for? |
| Pyruvic Acid | What is a key compound connecting glycolysis to the Krebs Cycle? |
| A phosphate is added to each end of the glucose molecule | How is a molecule of glucose chemically changed to frucose? |
| two molecules of ATP | In glycolysis where does the phosphate and the energy to change glucose into frucose come from? |
| It splits to form two molecules of PGAL | What happens to the unstable frucose molecule in glycolysis? |
| DPGA | In glycolysis what is PGAL converted to? |
| hydrogen acceptor | What is NAD? |
| NAD | What is hydrogen picked up by in gycolysis? |
| Energy is released and a phosphate is added to ADP to form ATP | In glycolysis what happens when the phosphate groups are removed from the 3-c molecule? |
| two molecules of pyruvic acid and four molecules of ATP | What are the products produced through glycolysis?` |
| No | Is oxygen required for glycolysis to occur? |
| Yes | Is oxygen present in glycolysis? |
| Glycolysis | What is the first stage in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration? |
| Yes | Does the Kreb Cycle require oxygen? |
| Aerobic | Is the Krebs Cycle aerobic or anaerobic? |
| Acetyl CoA | In the Krebs Cycle what combines with a 4-c compound forming a 6-c citric acid? |
| Citric Acid | What forms when Acetyl CoA combines with a 4-c compound? |
| Enzymes | Citric Acid is broken down in a series of reactions controlled by different what? |
| eight atoms | For each molecule of Acetyl CoA that enteres the Krebs Cycle how many hydrogen atoms are generated? |
| NAD and FAD | In the Krebs Cycle what traps the hydrogen atoms? |
| Electron Transport Chain | In the Krebs Cycle where do the hydrogen acceptors enter? |
| Release the hydrogen | In the krebs cycle what do the hydrogen acceptors do when they enter the electron transport chain? |
| ATP molecules | What does the energy released from the transfer of hydrogen electrons in the Electron Transport Chain generate? |
| 3 ATP molecules | In the Krebs Cycle how many ATP molecules does each individual NAD generate? |
| 2 ATP molecules | In the Krebs Cycle how many ATP molecules does each individual FAD generate? |
| 30 ATP Molecules | In the entire Krebs Cycle how many ATP molecules are generated? |
| 4 Molecules | In each turn of the Krebs Cycle how many NAD molecules are present? |
| 1 Molecule | In each turn of the Krebs Cycle how many FAD molecules are present? |
| 1 Molecule | In each turn of the Krebs Cycle how many ATP molecules are present? |
| 12 ATP Molecules | How many ATP molecules are generated from NAD in each turn of the Krebs Cycle? |
| 2 ATP Molecules | How many ATP molecules are generated from FAD in each turn of the Krebs Cycle? |
| 1 ATP Molecule | How many ATP molecules are generated from ATP in each turn of the Krebs Cycle? |
| 15 ATP Molecules | In each turn of the Krebs Cycle how many total molecules of ATP are produced? |
| 2 ATP Molecules | In glycolysis how many ATP molecules are present? |
| 2 NAD Molecules | In glycolysis how many NAD molecules are present? |
| 2 ATP Molecules | In glycolysis how many ATP molecules are generated from ATP? |
| 4 ATP Molecules | In glycolysis how many ATP molecules are generated from NAD? |
| 6 ATP Molecules | In total how many ATP molecules are produced through glycolysis? |
| This occurs because some energy is required to bring NADH2 into the mitochondria from the cytoplasm | Why in glycolysis does NAD produce 2 ATP molecules? |
| 36 ATP molecules per one glucose molecule | What is the total amount of ATP produced through Aerobic Respiration? |
| Aerobic | Is the electron transport chain aerobic or anaerobic? |
| The Electron Transport Chain | What is the pathway where NAD's and FAD's from glycolysis and the krebs Cycle are crashed in hydrogen to produce ATP? |
| The Mitochondria | Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur? |
| NADH2 and FADH2 | In the electron transport chain what releases electrons and hydrogen atoms trapped during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle |
| Coenzymes | The electrons of the hydrogen atoms pass through a series of ========== that are located in the cristae of the mitochondria. |
| Energy is released | What happens each time an electron moves from one acceptor to another? |
| It causes phosphorylation to the ADP to form ATP | What happens each time an electron moves from one acceptor to another, and energy is released? |
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