Unit 5 Imperialism and Nationalism
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lolaturswag on November 14, 2011
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(ch.12 sect. 3, ch. 13, 14, 15)
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 henry stanley | British-American explorer of Africa, famous for his expeditions in search of Dr. David Livingstone. He helped King Leopold II establish the Congo Free State. |
| cecil rhodes | British colonial financier and statesman in South Africa |
| matthew perry | A commodore in the American navy. He forced Japan into opening its doors to trade, thus brining western influence to Japan while showing American might. |
| otto von bismark | Prussian Diplomat responsible for the unification of Germany. Cunning politician, fights Danes with Austrians and Germans. Expels Austrians from Zollverein, fights Austrian-Prussian war w/ help of Germans. Gets North Germkan Confederation, led by Prussia. Then fights French, Franco-Prussian war, gets rest of Germany and Alsace-Lorraine. Diplomat under William I of Prussia, and then Wiliam II, who makes the mistake of firing him. |
| guiseppe mazzini | part of Italian unification. In 1832 established a young nationalist group. He headed a republican government in Rome for a short time, and believed that nation-states were the best hope for social justice, democracy and peace in Europe. The rebellions failed, and he was sent into exile. |
| alexander | European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb |
| portatino diaz | ... |
| mahmud 2 | Ottoman sultan; built a private, professional army; started revolution of janisarries and crushed them with private army; destroyed power of janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of ottoman empire on western precedents. |
| david livingston | A well known explorer and missionary of Africa for over 30 years. He wrote about Africa with more sympathy and less bias than most writers of his time. |
| king leopold 2 | Belgium annexed Congo - Belgian Congo, King Leopold 2 was known as the "Butcher of Congo", because millions of Africans died brutally under his rule... |
| kaiser wilhelm | grandson of Queen Victoria and Kaiser of Germany from 1888 to 1918 |
| giuseppe garibaldi | Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882) |
| alexander 3 | son of Alex 2, increased use of secret police, censorship, exiles to Siberia, Russification to suppress non-Russians, progroms |
| sun-yet-sen | known to many as the "father of the chinese revolution"; wanted to strengthen China from within through natural resources, join with new technology and achieve economic development; he allowed communists to join (USSR support) |
| rudyard kipling | (1864-1936) English writer and poet; defined the "white man's burden" as the duty of European and Euro-American peoples to bring order and enlightenment to distant lands |
| queen victoria | British Queen, under whose rule the British empire reached the height of its wealth and power, forced to accept a new, virtually powerless role after the Chartist movement |
| mahatma gandhi | Great revolutionary who led India to independence from Great Britain through passive resistance and civil disobedience based upon Henry David Thoreau's doctrines. |
| count camillo cavour | Prime minister of Sardinia (northern Italy) who vowed to drive out the Austrians and worked towards a united Italy. |
| victor emmanuel 2 | King of Sardinia, Work with advisors tok unify the Italian Peninsula under Sardinian leadership |
| abdul hamid | Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878 to 1908; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties; deposed in coup in 1908 |
| militarism | a political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests |
| racism | Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. |
| social darwinism | Applied Darwin's theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest" to human society -- the poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive. Used as an argument against social reforms to help the poor. |
| sphere of influence | Allowed open trade within China. Germany, Britain, France, and Russia and Japan could all trade within China, going into each countries' specific trading area. |
| annexation | In 1907, Japan got this, or complete control in Korea. They were harsh rulers, and forced Koreans to learn the Japanese language, history, and culture |
| panama canel | Origanally attempted by the French in 1879; Made by Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, when congress bought the French rights to the canal; Enables ships to cross Central America |
| scramble for africa | Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts. (p. 731) |
| boer wars | Wars between the Dutch and British in Africa. A sort of cold war between the two powers. The Dutch wanted slavery but the English didn't |
| nationalism | Political ideology that stresses people's membership in a nation-a community defined by a common culture and history as well as by territory. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, nationalism was a force for unity in western Europe (713) |
| muslin league | Muslims in which feared Hindu dominatiuon and began to pursue a separate Muslim state |
| red shirts | Garibaldi's Italian militia was called the red shirts because their shirts and bandannas were red and because Garibaldi had a red beard. The militia of 4,000 men attacked and liberated Sicily, taking it from Spain. This made the unification of Italy possible. |
| franco prussian war | Set up by Otto Von Bismarck, war was declared July 19, 1870. In January 1871, Palace of Versailles was captured and Wilhelm I was named Kaiser. This empire was called the Second Reich. |
| taiping rebellion | The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. |
| emancipatipion of serfs of 1856 | ... |
| impearialism | the actions used by one nation to excersise political or economic control of smaller or weaker nations |
| assimilation | the process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities, or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture. Often used to describe immigrant adaptation to new places of residence. |
| paternalism | (noun) The policy or practice of treating or governing people in the manner of a father dealing with his children. S: benevolence, solicitude, fatherliness |
| direct/ indirect rule | Two types of rule used by Colonialists in Africa, Direct is when they remove a leader for one of their own officials and indirect is when they keep the leader but have control over him |
| partition | (n.) something that divides (such as a wall); the act of dividing something into parts or sections; (v.) to divide or subdivide into parts or shares |
| opium wars | war between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the opium trade, ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges |
| afrikaner | The name now used for the descendants of the Boers. Some large-minded Afrikaners claim that it has wider connotation, and means white South Africans, but many Afrikaans-speaking and English-speaking SOuth Africans would object to this extension of meaning. It is used here in its usually accepted meaning. |
| meiji restoration | The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism. |
| national soverignty | a nations right to establish it own form of government and laws without internal influence |
| indian national conference | A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class. |
| realpolitik | German, =Machievellianism. realistic politics, or politics based on practical rather than idealogical notions. "a term to imply politics imposed by means of physical violence, political extortion or economic suppression, or to imply completely amoral politics aimed solely to achieve the goals by any means." |
| autocracy | a system of government in which the power to rule is in the hands of a single individual |
| boxer rebellion | 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops |
| tanzimat reforms | A set of reforms in the Ottoman Empire set to revise Ottoman law to help lift the capitulations put on the Ottomans by European powers. |
| white mans burden | Urging them to take up the white mans burden, the task to bring enlightenment to these "black, yellow, and dirty savages." Assimilate them. Whites had an obligation to bring enlightenment and civilization to these poor, stupid people. Righteous duty. |
| anto semitism | ... |
| extraterritoriality | Foreign residents in a country living under the laws of their native country, disregarding the laws of the host country. 19th/Early 20th Centuries: European and US nationals in certain areas of Chinese and Ottoman cities were granted this right. (682) |
| suez canal | Ship canal dug across the isthmus of Suez in Egypt, designed by Ferdinand de Lesseps. It opened to shipping in 1869 and shortened the sea voyage between Europe and Asia. Its strategic importance led to the British conquest of Egypt in 1882. (p. 726) |
| berlin conference of 1885 | Jules Ferry of France and Otto von Bismarck of Germany arranged an international conference on Africa in Berlin in 1884 and 1885. The conference established the principle that European claims to African territory had to rest on "effective occupation" in order to be recognized by other states. It established the principle that European claims to African territory had to rest on "effective occupation", which made it so that no single power could claim all of Africa. It also agreed to work to stop slavery and the slave trade in Africa. (873) |
| zulu (shaka) | South African tribes. One of the few tribes that were organized. Kept repulsing europeans until British came invaded. |
| russo-japanese war | Russia and Japan were fighting over Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so. |
| sepoy rebellion | The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. (p. 661) |
| nation-state | A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. |
| blood and iron | "Blood and Iron" was the speech that Otto Von Bismarck gave with the belief that a strong industry and military was needed in a country to have success. The blood represented the military while the iron represented the industry of Germany. |
| qing dynasty | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries |
| crimean war | A war fought in the middle of the nineteenth century between Russia on one side and Turkey, Britain, and France on the other. RUssia was defeated and the independence of Turkey was guaranteed |
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