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figured bass bass part together with numbers (figures) specifying the chords to be played above it movement section that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition homophonic texture early baroque characterized by diffusion middle baroque characterized by affections emotional states or moods of music church citizens heard music in Frederick the Great (Prussia) flutist, general, composer 80 large court employed how many performers ritornello movements of concerto grosso f/s/f tempos of concerto grosso tutti large group of players in a concerto grosso ritornello first and last movements of concerto grosso flute, violin, harpsichord solos of Brandenburg answer subject of fugue presented in dominant augmentation presentation of subject in lengthened time values countersubject melodic idea that constantly accompanies subject of fugue diminution presentation of subject in shortened time values episodes transitional sections of a fugue that offer either new material or fragments of the subject or countersubject inversion turning the subject of fugue upside down, or reversing the direction of each interval pedal point single tone, usually in the bass, that is held while the other voices produce a series of changing harmonies against it retrograde presentation fo a subject from right to eft, or beginning with the last note and proceeding backward to the first stretto imitation of a subject before it is completed subject main theme of fugue