| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Clones | Genetically identical organisms or molecules all derived from a common ancestor, used in research, agriculture, and medicine |
| Traditional Methods of Plant Cloning | Division, cutting propation, grafting, bulbs |
| Growing clone plants from a single cell | Nontraditional Method of Plant Cloning |
| Embryo splitting and nuclear transfer | 2 Techniques of Animal Cloning |
| Embryo Splitting | Can occur naturally, for example identical twins |
| Nuclear Transfer | More difficult than embryo splitting, but can produce more clones, nucleus is removed from egg, nucleus from another individual is injected into the nucleus egg, embryos are transplanted into a surrogate mother, example is Dolly the sheep |
| The experiment showed that cloning of adult human is techinically possible | Why is Dolly the sheep so significant? |
| Recombinant DNA Technology | Cut DNA at specific base sequences with restriction enzymes, bind DNA to vectors, transfer recombinant DNA to host cell, where it is copied, retrieve DNA fragment in large quantities from vector, turn on genes in cloned DNA and purify large amounts of gene product |
| Vectors | Self-replicating DNA molecules used for transfer of foreign DNA fragment to host cells, majority are plasmid-derived |
| Plasmid-Derived Vectors | Circular DNA molecule, replicates itself in bacterial cells using bacterial apparatus |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction | Amplifies DNA segments of interest, cam amplify from a single DNA molecule |
| PCR Denaturation | The DNA is heated to unwind it |
| PCR Primers | Are designed to base pair with ends of the DNA strands and will be mixed with DNA |
| PCR Annealing | The mixture is cooled to promote base-pairing between primers and the ends of DNA strands |
| PCR DNA Synthesis (Extension) | DNA polymerases recognize the primers as start tags, they assemble complementary sequences on the strands, this doubles the number of identical DNA fragments |
| Uses of PCR | PCR has been used to amplify DNA from human tissue from the site of the World Trade Centers, microorganism that cannot me cultured for study, the brain of a 700-year-old human mummy, products illegally made from endangered species, etc. |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace
!