Cell Parts, Photosynthesis and Respiration
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 prokaryotic cell | cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles |
| eukaryotic cell | cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles |
| ribosome | makes proteins |
| endoplasmic reticulum | an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed |
| cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| mitochodria | cell oraganells surrounded by two membranes that break down food molecules to make ATP |
| golgi | place were protiens are modified sorted and released in transport vesicles |
| vacuole | a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell |
| nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| chloroplast | plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments |
| flagella | whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement |
| cell wall | strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| plasma membrane | a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell |
| animal cell | A small living part of a multicellular organism that eats to gain energy and reproduces sexually. |
| plant cell | A small living part of a multicellular organism that makes its own food in chloroplast and reproduces sexually or asexually. |
| chlorophyll | any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms |
| ATP | molecule that stores the useable energy created during cellular respiration |
| Aerobic Cell Respiration | a form of cellular respiration that requires the use of oxygen |
| Anerobic Cell Respiration | a form of cellular respiration that does not require the use of oxygen |
| Dark Reaction | occurs in the stroma and doesn't require light, uses ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into glucose |
| Light Reaction | the first stage of photosynthesis during which energy from light is used for the production of glucose |
| Photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| Krebs Cycle | in all plants and animals: a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy |
| Glycolysis | a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation | the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol |
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