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Cursus Honorum 'path of honors' 1. quaestor 2. aedile 2. tribune of the plebs 3. praetor 4. consul 5. censors Quaestor finance minister treasurer Praetor governor army commander lay Aedile public works public games grain dole Tribune represents lower class Consul head of state 2 consuls highest position Censor political advisors to consuls census 753-510BC Rome was founded, April 21 Monarchy 509-27BC Republic 27BC-467AD Empire Plebeians Citizens Patricians fathers have been in senate/government Tarquinius Superbus 7th king... was a former slave Brutus and Collantinus 509BC 2 Consuls Decemviri 450BC ten men Cincinnatus 458/457BC farmer --> dictator --> farmer (16 days) fasces 12 Tables first non religious laws Appius Claudius (both) Two different people decemviri built aquiduct Gallic Invasion of 309BC When gaulls invaded Rome; were kicked off hill; sacred geese of Juno Illyrian Wars 229-227BC - 1st Illyrian War -Illyricom --Dalmatia --Pannonia -Queen Teuta -Rome is going east Samnite Wars 343BC - 1st Samnite War 326-304BC - 2nd Samnite War -most important -321BC - Battle of Caudine Forks --one of the greatest loses in Roman history --"sub hasta venire" ---to go under your own sword -312BC - Via Appia = The Appian Way --really big road that goes across Italy --Named after Appius Claudius (descendant of Appius Claudius with the 12 tables) - Aqua Appia -water of Appius Claudius Punic Wars 264-241BC - 1st Punic War -Hamilcar Barca (Carthaginian people) --Hasdrubal --Hannibal -Carthaginian navy is completely gone -naval battle -Marcus Regulus (meaning the little king) -Sicily changes hands 218-201BC - 2nd Punic War -218BC - Trebbia (River) --Rome loses by a lot to Hannibal -217BC - Trasimene (Lake) --Rome looses by a lot to Hannibal -216BC - Cannae --Rome looses by a lot to Hannibal -207BC - Metaurus River --Rome vs. Hasdrubal -Numidian Cavalry -Elephants -Alps -Fabius Maximus -Scipio Africanus -202BC - Battle of Zama 149-146BC - 3rd Punic War -Battle of Carthage Corvus "crow" a crane that is like a spear with a ball on the end that would go through a ship and stick so the Romans could go onto the other ship so it would be like a land battle instead of sea Macedonian Wars 214-205BC - 1st Macedonian War 202-196BC - 2nd Macedonian War -197BC - Cynoscephalae --definitive end of the phalanx --Rome beats Philip V. 171-168BC - 3rd Macedonian War -168BC - Pydna --End of Alexander's Empire 150-148BC - 4th Macedonian War Hannibal Hamilcar Barca's son oath -that he will always hate the Romans and will do his best to get back at them Hasdrubal Hamilcar Barca's son Hamilcar 1st Punic war. I think this was the father of Hasdrubal that wanted to win against Rome so he made his son promise that he would defeat Rome for making them look like fools and that he would hate Rome forever Significance of Sicily I think it is because the 1st Punic war happened around there. Ebro River Treaty 228BC -don't cross this and we wont attack you between France and Spain Numidians Cavalry Marcus Regulus (ulus means little). Sends him with people (held for ransom) (tells them to not save him) The Romans listen to him and go fight anyways and let Marcus be killed. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Battle of Zama, Scipio vs. Hannibal...Scipio wins...when he beats Carthage he gets his nickname Africanus (<-- I think thats when) Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator Delayer; Hannibal and kept him away from Rome Lex Hortensia 287- Law passed -Tribune -Laws passed by the tribune (plebiscite) are law for everyone -Patricians; plebeians Phalanx vs. Legion Phalanx- Cynoscephalae was when the definitive end of the phalanx came. It is a military form of fighting (strategy). (bigger group) Legion- division of soldiers that are divided into smaller groups called mannibals. (smaller group) Pyrrhus From Epirus; Battle of Heraclea - Rome vs. Pyrrhus (elephants) 279- Ausculum -Pyrrhus wins, barely "Another victory like this, and I'm finished." 275- Beneventum- When Pyrrhus gave up he said "What a beautiful battlefield I leave to Rome and Carthage" He never makes it to Rome Pyrrhic Victory you win but you lose so much that you can't go on Optimates vs. populars first two political parties Optimates = "aristocrat" - the best Populares = "democrat" Battle of Lake Regillus 496BC Caster and Pollux -Leda + Tyndareus --> Leda + Zeus --Leda gets pregnant with twins from both Tyndareus and Zeus at the same time --Leda + Tyndareus = Castor and Clytemnestra --Leda + Zeus = Helen and Pollux ---Helen and Pollux are both eggs so Leda dies --Pollux and Castor become really close and act like twin bothers even though they have different dads but they don't know that cavalry-ride on horses and fight blank card a Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus Both try to have an agrarian reform but fail Battle of Veii end of Etruscan... hegemony -folding another's culture into your own -not respecting their culture Battle of Caudine Forks 321BC one of the greatest loses in Roman history "sub hasta venire" -to go under your own sword Battle of Heraclea 280 BC -Rome vs. Pyrrhus (elephants) Battle of Ausculum 279BC Pyrrhic Victory -Pyrrhus wins, barely --"Another victory like this, and I'm finished" -Pyrrhus means "red head" Battle of Beneventum 275BC "What a beautiful battlefield I leave to Rome and Carthage." Trasimene Cannae Trebia Battles 218- Trebia \ 217- Trasimene the 3 battles... Rome loses to Hannibal DURING 2ND PUNIC WAR 216- Cannae / Cynoscephalae Battle 197- (means dog heads) -Definitive end of the phalanx -Rome beats Philip V. Battle of Pydna (pointed as the end of Alexander's empire)- Rome beats Perseus Battle of Zama 202BC -Scipio vs. Hannibal -Scipio wins -First time Hannibal has lost -Rome lets Carthage survive - high taxes - huge tribute - severe restrictions End of Second Punic Battle of Carthage 3rd Punic War