Psychology Chapter 14: DIsorders
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ctovar5431 on November 15, 2011
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 psychopathology | The scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of sychological disorders. |
| psychological/mental disorder | A pattern of behavorial and psychological symtpoms that causes siginificant personal distress. impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas of dailiy , or both |
| DSM-IV-TR | Abbreviation for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, the book published by the American Psychiatric Association that describes the specific symtoms and diagnostic guidelines for different psychological disorders. |
| Anxiety | AN unpleasant emotional state by physical arousal and feelings of tenson, apprehension and worry. |
| Anxiety Disorders | A category of psychological disorders in extreme anxiety is the main diagnostic feature and causes significant disruptions in the person's cognitive, behavorial, or interpersonal functioning Ex: PTSD, phobias, GAD, OCD, |
| generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) | An anxiety disorder characterized by excess, global and ersistent symptoms of anxiety; also called free-floating anxiety. |
| panic attack | A sudeden episode of extreme anxiety that rapidly escalates in intensity |
| Panic Disorder | An anxiety disorder in which the person experiences frequent and unexpected panic attacks. |
| phobia | A strong or irrational fear of something. Usually a specific object or situation, that does not neccesarily interfere with the ability to function in daily life. |
| specific phobia | An anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation that interferes with the ability to function in daily life. Also called simple phobia. |
| agoraphobia | An anxiety disorder involving the extrerme and irrational fear of experiencing a panic attack in a public situation and being unable to escape or get help. |
| social phobia/social anxiety disorder | An anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of being embarassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations. |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | An anxiety disorder in which the symptoms of anxiety are triggered by intrusive, repetitive thoughts and urgers to perform certain actions. |
| obsessions | Repeated, intrusive, and uncontrollable irrational thoughts or mental images that causes extreme anxiety or distress. |
| compulsions | Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are performed to prevent or reduced by anxiety. |
| mood disorders | A category of mental disorders in which significantor persistent disruptions in mood or emotions caused impaired cognitive behavorial and physical functioning Also called affective disorders Examples: Major Depression, bipolar disorder, manic episodes |
| major depression | A mood disorder characterized extreme and persistent feelings of despondency., worthlessness, and hopelessness, causing impaired emotional, cognitive, behavorial, and physical functioning |
| dysthymic disorder | A mood disorder involving chronic, low-grade feelings of depression that produce subjective discomfort but do not seriously impar the ability to function. |
| seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | A mood disorder in which episodes of depression typically occur during the fall and winter and subside during the spring and summer |
| bipolar disorder | A mood disorder involving periods of incapacitating depression alternating with periods of extreme euphoria and excitement Formerly called manic depression |
| manic episode | A sudden, rapidly escalating emotional state characterized by extreme euphoria, excitement, physical energy, and rapid thoughts and speech. |
| eating disorder | A category of mental disorders characterized by severe disturbances in eating behavior |
| anorexia nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by excessive weight loss, an irrational fear of gaining weight, and distorted body self-perception. |
| bulimia nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by binges of extreme overeating followed by self-induced, misuse of laxatives, or other inaapropiate methods to purge the excessive food and prevent weight gain. |
| personality disorder | Inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behaviors and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and acros situations, and deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture. Examples: Paranoid, antisocial, borderline personality disorders, Narcissistic! |
| paranoid personality disorder | Apersonality disorder characterized by a pervaisive distrust and suspiciousness of the motives of others without sufficient basis. |
| antisocial personality disorder | A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregarding and violating the rightsof others; such as individuals are also referred to as psychopaths or sociopaths |
| borderline personality disorder | A personality disorder characterized by instability of interpersonal relationships, self-images, an emotions, and a marked impulsivity. |
| dissociative experience | A break or disruptions in conciousness during which awareness, memory, and personal idnetity become sperated or divided. |
| dissociative disorders | A category of psychological disorders in which extreme and frequent disruptions of awareness, memory and personal identity impair the ability to function. |
| dissociative amnesia | A dissociative disorder involving the partial or toal inability to recall important personal information. |
| dissociative fugue | A dissociative disorder involving sudden and unexpected travel away from home, extensive amnesia and identity confusion |
| dissociative identity disorder (DID) | A dissociative disorder involving extensive memeory disruptions along with the presence of two or more distinct identities, or personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder |
| schizophrenia | A psychological disorder in which the ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions and thought processes. There are three types: catatonic, paranoid and disorganized |
| positive symptoms | In schizophrenia, symptoms that reflect excesses or distortions of normal functioning, including delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts and behavior. |
| negative symptoms | In schizophrenia, symptoms that reflect defects or deficits in normal functioning, including flat affect (no emotional responsiveness), alogia (lethargic, slow monotonous speaking), and avolition. (not wanting to engage in goal-directed such as bathing and washing) |
| delusion | A falsely held belief that persists in spite of compelling contradictory evidence |
| Hallucination | A false or distored perception that seems vividly real to the person who is experiencing it. |
| dopamine hypothesis | The view that schizophrenia is related to, and may be caused by, excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine of the brain. |
| cyclothymic disorder | A mood disorder characterized by moderate but frequent mood swings that are not severe enough to quality as a mood disorder. |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | An anxiety disorder in which chronic and persistent symptoms of anxiety develop in response to an extreme physical or psychological trauma. |
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