| Term | Definition |
|---|
| INCREASE in local tissue circulation, DECREASE in tissue edema and swelling as a result of enhanced venous return, INCREASEin c.t. mobility, DECREASE in pain, DECREASE in muscle tone(increase muscle relaxation) | Physiological Effects for massage include: |
| Increase MENTAL CLARITY,Increase relaxation and Decrease in anxiety levels | Psychological Effects for massage include: |
| EYE contact and handshake, LISTEN to the patient, INTRODUCTION, THOROUGH eval, and EXPLAIN your findings | Five aspects for initiating a therapuetic relationship are important: |
| Both hands simultaneously. | Massage is usually performed with: |
| One centrally and one laterally for a total of four. | On the back, two lines of application on each side are usually given which are: |
| Stoking (whole hand contact directed at the SUPERFICIAL CIRCULATORY SYSTEM) | What is Effleurage often called? |
| Aids in promoting the VENOUS and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM in their role as drainage systems and aids in ridding the lymph from the tissues/returning it to the urinary system. | What are the Effects of Effleurage? |
| A central line and a lateral line. | Back Effleurage has two lines which are: |
| It is defined as to WORK, FORM and SHAPE, it is the most physically demanding of the massage techniques and it is akin to working with flour/water to make good dough. | Which statement about Kneading are correct? |
| To effect the CIRCULATION and FASCIA w/in the muscles, BUT ITS INTENT IS TO WORK THE MUSCLES. | What are the Effects of Kneading? |
| To "WORK" the muscles which will naturally affect everything superficial to and perhaps deep to the muscles. | The intentions of Kneading is to: |
| Firm and deep. | With the Generic technique of Kneading, the pressure is considered to be: |
| Circular motions with hands moving in the opposite directions. | How is the hand movement performed for Kneading of the back? |
| Effects the CIRCULATION AND FASCIA w/in the muscles but now perhaps DEEPER | What are the EFFECTS of Double-Handed Kneading? |
| Going down first the lateral line on the far side of the back. | When performing Kneading of the Back, the circular motion of the hand begins where? |
| A technique of lifting the tissue away from its attachments. | Petrissage technique can be decribed as: |
| Its prinicipal effects on the DEEP CIRCULATION AND FASCIA; It is RELAXING and is similar to Kneading. | What are the Effects of Petrissage? |
| Petrissage (It is as though one hand passes off the tissues to the other in a rhythmical and comfortable movement). | Which massage technique uses a lumbrical grip? |
| On the contralateral side (opposite side) and down the lateral line. | The back technique for Petrissage commences at the nape of the neck on which side: |
| It is used to avoid pinching the tissue. | Why is a lumbrical hand grip used in Petrissage? |
| Seeks to get down to the PERIOSTEUM; it is a deep, not always a comfortable technique. | What is Intertransverse Process Finger-Tip Kneading followed by Thumb Effleurage? |
| It is to break down fluids that have become static, to stretch out fascia/developing adhesive restrictions, to cause RELAXATION of the deep muscles and to evaluate muscular tone and its response to the procedure. | What are the Effects of Finger-Tip Kneading w/Thumb Effleurage? |
| Thumb-Effleurage | This techniqe is followed by Intertransverse Process Finger-tip Kneading, What is the technique? |
| It is to "disperse" the tissues such as stasis that was broken down with the finger kneading. | What is the purpose of Thumb Effleurage? |
| It is a SUPERFICIAL and at times a very uncomfortable massage technique. | What is Skin Rolling massage? |
| Detection and elimination of subcutaneous tissue fluid and cellulite, the "roll" is intended to break down the fat cellulite. | What are the Effects of Skin Rolling? |
| Transverse and Longitudinal | What are the other two techniques of Skin Rolling? |
| Percussion with the fingers. | What is Finger-Hacking Tapotement? |
| STIMULATING and should be pleasant and will be if performed with finesses. | What is the Effect of Finger-Hacking Tapotement? |
| A percussion technique that is a LOUD ONE and done with the whole hand. | What is Hand-Cupping Tapotement? |
| Fibromyalgia Syndrome, Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Mechanical Dysfunction | What are the three distinct types of myofascial pain syndromes that PT deal with in clinical practice? |
| Is a non-articular Rheumatic disorder that is characterized by generalized musculoskeletal pain, stiffness, fatigue, distured sleep and a number of musculoskeletal TENDER POINTS in the absence of lab and X-ray results indicating any other rheumatic disease. | What is FibRomyalgia Syndrome? |
| Fibromyalgia Syndrome | Tender points are thus one of the defining characteristics of what? |
| At the site of palpation and they do not produce referred pain. | Tender points are points that produce pain only at the site of What? |
| In the insertion zones of muscles, not in taut bands in the muscles belly, as in the case with trigger points. | Where do tender points occur? |
| It is a muscular pain disorder involving regional pain referred by TRIGGER POINTS w/in the myofascial structures local or distal from the pain. | What is Myofascial pain Syndrome? |
| Myofascial pain Syndrome. | Trigger points are thus one of the defining characteristics of what? |
| A hyperirritable spot in skeletal muscle that is associated with a hypersensitive palpable nodule in a taut band. | What is a Trigger Point? |
| REFERRED pain, AUTOMONIC phenomena and MOTOR dysfunction | A trigger point spot is tender when pressed and can give rise to characteristics of RAM Which stands for: |
| Active Trigger Point. | This trigger point will cause pain even when the patient is at rest; the trigger point is tender to palpation upon palpation produces a characteristic consistent and reproducible referal pattern which may be similar to the patient's complaint of pain. |
| Active Trigger Point. | This trigger point can have pain not ONLY felt at the site of the trigger point but palpation may also cause referred pain remote to the trigger point. |
| Active Trigger Point. | Symptoms of weakness, temperature changes, and paresthesia are associated with which classification of trigger points. |
| Active Trigger Point. | In the head/neck region, Tinnitus, TMJ area pain, headache, eye symptoms and torticollis can manifest as which classification of trigger point. |
| Latent Trigger Point. | This classification of trigger point does not produce spontaneous pain; pain occurs ONLY on the application of EXTERNAL pressure; which one is it? |
| Latent Trigger Point. | This trigger point is presented with muscle shortening and can cause muscle weakness or restrict jnt movement; which one is it? |
| Latent Trigger Point. | This trigger point can turn into active trigger points by a variety of stimuli; which one is it? |
| Impaired or altered function of the related components of the somatic system(body framework), skeletal, arthrodial and myofascial structures. | What is Mechanical Dysfunction? |
| Mechanical Dysfunction. | Ligaments, jnt capsules, tendons, muscles, skin, and fascia all affects of which dysfunction? |
| Radiculopathic, Energy crisis hypothesis and Motor endplate hypothesis. | What are the hypotheses (REM) on the pathogenesis of trigger points? |
| Delated Onset Muscle Soreness | What does DOMS stand for? |
| Contraindications | These serve to specify CERTAIN diseases and dysfunctions that render a therapy undesirable and improper. |
| Precautions | These serve as PROTECTIVE measures implemented in advance to mimimize the chance of injury to the patient. |
| Physiological and Psychological | The effects of massage generally fall into two categories which are: |
| Precautions, Indications and Contraindications | Generally, we need to be aware of the appropriate ______________, _____________ and ____________ when using massage as a therapeutic intervention. |
| Precautions, Indications and Contraindications | Physical therapist performs a thorough exam and history to establish ____________, _______________ and _______________ for massage. |
| ASK Permission, BEWARE of patients that do not like touch/aversion to touch, COMMUNICATE w/ patient,TUNE in to their responses. | When using massage as a Therapeutic Intervention, you should always perform your ABC/cross your T which stands for what? |
| Hemophilia, Unstable medical conditions, Rashes, Thrombophlebitis, Frostbites, Severe Varicose veins, Metastatic Cancer | These are known as Contraindications. |
| Lymphadema, Immune system depression, Facial massages and Endangerment sites | Precautions Includes: |
| Dimunished sensation due to stroke, Recent neurological surgery,Medication, Hyperaesthesia, RA lig. laxity, Low BP, Drug withdrawal, Psychiatic conditions and Osteoporosis | Precautions also includes: |
| Preparation of the tissues prior to a more specific treatment, Corrective and Supportive Therapy | Massage forms an integral part of that aspect of physical therapy known as manual therapy, three most common uses will be for: |
| French | In modern times, the ___________ wrote extensively on massage and its therapeutic uses. |
| Masseurs | Many _____________ were trained and it is they who became the physiotherapists(physical therapist) of today. |
| Effleurage | Which technique is the most fundamental of strokes and usually begin and end most therapeutic massage sessions. |
| The Lymphatic System | This system main purpose is to transport fluid/cellular material from the Interstitial tissues to the blood, What system is it? |
| The Lymphatic System | In a healthy environment, 90% of the waste products are handled by the venous system and only 10% is transported by way of this system, What system is it? |
| Edema | This is caused if the amt of water/protein in the interstitial tissues and lymph system Exceeds the transport capacity of the Lymphatic system, what is it? |
| Lymphedema | ________________ is the cause of a subcutaneous accumulation of protein rich fluid from an insufficient or blocked drainage system. |
| Hypoplasia | ___________ is a DECREASE in the # of lymphatic vessels present and/or a DECREASE in the diameter of existing vessels. |
| Hyperplasia | ___________ refers to lymphatic vessels that are BIGGER than normal, which tends to result in insufficient lymphatic valve function. |
| Aplasia | ___________ is the ABSENCE of certain lymphatic vessels or capillaries. |
| PRIMARY LYMPHEDEMA | This is caused by congenital malformations(i.e. hypoplasia, hyperplasia or aplasia) or sclerosis of the lymphatic system, What is it? |
| NONNE-MILROYS SYNDROME (milroy's disease) | This type of Congenital Lymphedema is present at birth, also known as Type 1 hereditary lymphedema, characterized by defective development or absence(or NO) lower body lymphatic vessels, this is known as What? |
| MEIGE'S SYNDROME | Lymphedema Praecox develops at approximately puberty, also known as Type 2 hereditary lymphedema, the lower extremities are primarily affected and there are associated other abnormalities, this is known as What? |
| Lymphedema Tarda | This type of PRIMARY LYMPHEDEMA develops at age 35 or older, What type is it? |
| Flaritic Lymphedema | This type of lymphedema is an invasion of the lymph nodes by a mosquito carrying larval worms resulting in severe lymphedema in arms, legs and genatalia, What type is it? |
| Masectomy and Lumpectomy | The number one surgery that causes Secondary Lymphedema is ________________ and ________________due to breast cancer. |
| Tamoxifen | This medication is used for breast cancer which may cause Secondary Lymphedema, What is it? |
| Secondary Lymphedema | Specific surgeries, that involve removal of lymph nodes in the neck, axillary, groin or pelvis region putting the patient at risk of developing lymphedema, which can develop immediately Post Op, these may all cause What? |
| Venous insufficiency that leads to an increased load on the lymphatic system, b/c the damaged veins do not remove their share of waste products. | Secondary Lymphedema may be caused by: |
| FIRST STAGE | This stage of Lymphedema still spontaneously reversible, any swelling consists of PITTING EDEMA, the pathophysiological mechanism is an increase of protein-rich fluid in the interstitial fluid, Which stage is it? |
| SECOND STAGE | This stage of Lymphedema if edema persists, the protein molecules in the interstitial space are replaced by fibrotic tissue, edema becomes hard, prone to developing FREQUENT INFECTIONS, Which stage is it? |
| THIRD STAGE | This stage of Lymphedema is extreme, irreversible swelling with skin changes and loss of function, also known as Lymphostatic Elephantiasis, Which stage is it? |
| TRUE | Complications of lymphedema occurs when untreated lymphedema, protein-rich fluid continues to accumulate leading to an increase in swelling and subsequent fibrosis(hardening) of tissues.TRUE OR FASLE |
| TRUE | Complications of lymphedema occurs when swollen limb becomes an excellent culture medium for bacteria with resultant recurrent infections.TRUE OR FALSE |
| TRUE | Complications of lymphedema occurs when untreated edema leads to decreased function of the affected limb, skin breakdown and chronic infections.TRUE OR FALSE |
| Lymphangiosacroma | Complications of lymhedema occurs in severe cases, patients mostly with secondary lymphedema can develop a rare form of which type of cancer? |
| Hemophilia, Aneurysms, Severe Atherosclerosis | Massage is Contraindicated in the following conditions: |
| Transverse Friction Massage | The Achilles tendon/Medial Collateral Ligament of the knee are commonly treated using which massage? |
| Relaxed | When treating a muscle w/Transverse Friction massage, the muscle needs to be in what type of position? |
| The therapist fails to recognize the presence of a disease or dysfunction for which massage is contraindicated, A medical history prior to the use of massage as an intervention should include questions regarding anti-coagulant medication use. | Contraindications serve to specify CERTAIN disease/dysfunctions that render a therapy undesirable or improper if |
| APPROPRIATE draping, MAINTAINING an open door policy, AVOID sensitive topics of discussion | The following actions will be most conducive to establishing a professional relationship when using massage as an intervention: |
| Hand-Cupping Tapotement | Which technique is most commonly use to promote SECRECTION ELIMINATION FROM THE AIRWAYS? |
| Palpation is an ART, REQUIRING practice, YEILDS clinically relevant information and Palpation is private in that is cannot be performed by two persons on the same spot at the same time. | Which of the following is/are true regarding PALPATION: |
| LYMPHANGITIS, AIRCRAFT flight, RADIATION therapy(may damage lymph nodes/vessels and result in scar tissue interrupting flow) | Secondary Lymphedema may also be cause by: |
| Rate, Blood | The Circulation Theory on massage has been reported to dilate superficial blood vessels and increase the _________ of __________ flow. |
| Establish a diagonsis and a prognosis by way of History taking, System review, Test and Measures | When Physical Therapist do an Evaluation, they |
| Asymmetry | A: is a indication of Cancer malignancy which stands for: |
| Borders edges jagged and ragged, beingn even | B: is a indication of Cancer malignancy which stands for: |
| Colors, or multiple shades | C: is a indication of Cancer malignancy which stands for: |
| Diameter larger than an eraser head(>1 cm) | D: is a indication of Cancer malignancy which stands for: |
| Evolution(has it grown) | E: is a indication of Cancer malignancy which stands for: |
| Mechanical Dysfunction | This dysfunction is caused by Trauma/prolonged altered postures, Medical workup POS and no sleep distrubances, Which one is it? |
| Corrective | Deep Transverse Friction to break down scarring/CTM to break down facial restrictions are types of Manual Therapy known as |
| Supportive | Often an Ice Massage is used for this purpose of Manual Therapy known as |
| Manual | Preparation of the tissue prior to more specific treatment, such as reduction of swelling prior to ROM, Relaxation of muscles prior to jnt manipulation is known as _______________ therapy |
| Is to remove excessive water and protein and restore equilibrium in the interstitial tissues. | What is the GOAL for the treatment of Lymphedema? |
| COMPLEX physical therapy, MANUAL lymphatic drainage,and COMPLETE decongestive physiotherapy | Lymphedema management can be called; CMC which stands for: |
| The Intensive Phase | Phase One of Lymphedema management, typically performed daily(5X/wk) for 4-8 wks depending on severity is also known as: |
| PHASE ONE | Massage/Manual lymphatic drainage-sessions, ANTISEPTIC moisturizing cream(lowpH), LOW stretch compression bandages and ACTIVE exercise can all be used to treat which Phase of Lymphedema? |
| PHASE TWO | In this phase of Lymphedema management, the patients are fitted w/compression stocking which is worn 24/7 except when bathing, continues to manage lymphedema w/home exercise,compression garment worn for life(only thigh high or waist high) What phase is it? |
| HYPOTENSION, ABNORMAL treatments during menstrual period, TUBERCULIN-infected lymph nodes/PRE-CANEROUS NEVUS, ASTHMATIC bronchial attacks triggered by the vagus n, THYROID hyperactivity | Contraindications and Precautions for Manual Lymphatic Drainage include: |
| TRANSVERSE FRICTION MASSAGE | This is a repetitive, specific, NON-GLIDING massage that produces movement btw the FIBERS of dense CT, increasing tissue extensibility and promoting ordered alignment of collagen w/in tissue, What massage is it? |
| CAN also be used w/acute and chronic stages of ligament healing, ACCESSIBILITY to the tendon, SWEEPING transverse motion over the longitudinally oriented fibers,TENDONS positioned so they R taut w/in the sheath | Corrective Therapeutic Applications with Transverse Friction Massage states which of the following reasonings: |
| Tendons:biceps, peroneal, Achilles,patellar,CET of elbow,supra/infraspinatus, Ligaments:MCL, elbow lig, ATFL, CFL, PTFL, deltoid | All these structures are most commonly treated with Transverse Friction Massage which include: |
| Ossification/Calcification of soft tissue, RA/TA, Neighboring bacterial infections, Skin problems, Bursitis/disorders of nerve structures and Hematoma | Contraindications for Transverse Friction Massage include: |
| Intervention in PAIN MODULATION and in aiding processes of normal connective tissue repair. | The proposed mechanism of action for TRANSVERSE FRICTION MASSAGE is |
| TRANSVERSE FRICTION MASSAGE | Pain Modulation that leads to rapid pain relief; w/in min, the pt notes a decrease in pain/this relief may last more than 24 hours w/concomitant increase in strength/mobilty, this is a result of what massage? |
| Motor Endplate Hypothesis | This Hypothesis, demonstrates a small increase in activity near the motor endplate zone of muscles that contain ACTIVE TRIGGER POINTS; also called the neuromuscular junction, Which hypothesis is it? |
| Compression Test | This test uses a firm PRESSURE that is applied to a muscle during a movement that typically causes pain in that particular muscle, results of applying PRESSURE until the pain is relieved or significantly diminished, this test is known as What? |
| JUMP SIGN | When sufficient pressure is applied to an ACTIVE TRIGGER POINT, an involuntary reflex-like movement of the body (JERKING/flinching) and a facial grimace by the patient maybe elicited, This is known a: |
| PROLONGED poor posture, LACK of exercise, EXCESSIVE caffeine of nicotine intake, ACUTE muscles trauma, STRESS- SLEEP disturbances/TISSUE under tension(found in spinal or hip surgery) | During the history taking, patients suffering with MYOFASICAL PAIN SYNDROME might report: |
| Ischemic | ____________ Pressure is sustained pressure that is applied to a local area of increased muscle tone (trigger point). |
| FLAT PALPATION | This type of palpation is well suited for Paraspinals, one will typically feel a cord-like band of muscle fiber which will produce a snapping feeling when moving the fingers/skin back and forth across the fibers, Which palpation is this? |
| PINCER PALPATION | This type of palpation is suited for SCOM, pec major and lats, it squeezes fiber bwt fingers with a back and forth rolling motion to locate the taut band, Which palpation is this? |
| Energy Crisis Hypothesis | This Hypothesis on Trigger Point Pathogeneis claims that, Increased demand on a muscle, macrotrauma, or repeated microtrauma leads to increased CALCIUM release from the SACROPLASMIC RETICULUM and subsequent reduced oxygen supply results in a local depletion of the energy rich phosphate ATP, muscle relaxation is an active process, ATP is needed for the actin-myosin cross-bridges to release, which hypotheses is it? |
| Radiculopathic Model for Myofascial Pain | This Hypothesis on TRIGGER POINT pathogenesis states that, the SUPERSENSITIVITY in target organs results from denervation and DENERVATION SUPERSENSITIVITY expressed as an increase in the area of the membrane that contains Ach receptors, rendering the muscle more sensitive to circulating Ach/other chemicals with an affinity for the Ach receptor, which hypotheses is it? |
| Typically deep/intensely aching in character, More likely to be referred distally than proximally and Maybe referred to the joint across which the involved muscles acts | During the History taking, Pain patterns are reported as |
| TRUE | It is important diagnostically to know muscle actions, since the pt's description of the movement that activated the trigger points may tell you which muscle is involved: TRUE OR FALSE |
| Pain pattern | Diagnostically be familiar with the _________ __________ corresponding to specific muscles: |
| Poor body mechanics, Poor posture, Constricting pressure from clothing, Vitamin deficiency, Hormonal imbalance, Sleep distrubance, Nerve impingement, Psychological factors and Jnt. dysfunction | These are predisposing/perpetuating factors that patients with Myofascial Pain have or exhibit: |
| TRIGGER POINT | When doing a palpatory Trigger Point examination, One should palpate ONLY THE ________________ THAT WILL BE TREATED THAT DAY |
| Spine | The hypothesis for the Radiculopathic Model for Myofascial pain states that, the cause for these alteration is most commonly found in the ______________ due to intervertbral disk degeneration: |
| Posture, AROM,and Muscle length/strength | Test/Measures are part of a PT Evaluation, which test/measures is/are included in a Myofascial Pain Eval? |
| Romans, Eygptians, Greeks | Massage was practiced by the ____________, _____________ and ___________. |
| Ling Mennell, Ambrose Pare, Cyriax, and Hippocrates | The immortals that practiced massage were: LACH |
| Spas, Health | Massage flourished in ___________ and ___________ centers. |
| Spas at Bath | In the English Culture, massage was not a prominent practice until the early part of this centrury when WHAT BECAME POPULAR? |
| A Swede named Ling | In the early 19th century, massage was popularized throughtout Europe by who? |
| LING | Many of the French terms, which are still in prominence today were used by a Swede named _______________. |
| Physiotherapist | The title Masseur was changed to the title of _______________ in Circa 1946 by this author's father. |
| To increase local circulation,decrease or prevent DOMS, decrease pain, increase C.T. mobility,enhance mood states, to positively affect cardio parameters, decrease motor neuron excitability | The following indications have been postulated as a reason to select massaage as a therapeutic intervention: |
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