comm dis chap 8
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Created by:
simplymee05 on November 16, 2011
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 fluent speech | consistent ability to move speech production apparatus in an effortless, smooth,rapid manner resulting in a continuous, uninterrupted, forward flow of speech |
| stuttering | involuntary repetitions of sound syllables, sound prolongations,and broken words |
| age 2 | whole-word repetitions,interjections,syllable repetitions (normal disfluencies) |
| age 3 | revisions are the dominant disfluency type,persist throughout life,may repeat whole word multisyllabic words, interject a word or phrase,repeat phrases |
| stuttered disfluencies | audible or silent repetition and prolongations,tense pauses and hesitations within and between words, monosyllabic whole words |
| developmental stuttering | most common form of stuttering,begins in preschool yrs,gradual, increasing in severity,occurs on content words,initial syllables |
| neurogenic stuttering | associated with neurological disease or trauma, occurs on function words, widely dispersed, no secondary characteristics |
| general trends | stuttering behaviors,reactions to stuttering,conditions that appear to promote stuttering |
| phase 1 | 2-6 yrs, pds of stuttering are followed by periods of relative fluency,child will stutter most when upset of excited,stuttering occurs at beginning of sentences,most children unaware of disfluencies |
| phase 2 | elementary school,stuttering is chronic or habitual,barely any fluent speech,child will refer to themselves as stutterers,increases with excitement |
| phase 3 | 8-young adulthood,stuttering is a response to specific situations,certain words are harder than others,little evidence of fear or embarrassment |
| phase 4 | stuttering is in its most advanced form,evidence of embarrassing, rising pitch,certain things avoided,fearful anticipation of stuttering |
| organic theory | proposes an actual physical cause,all have failed to explain stuttering satisfactorily. |
| cerebral dominance theory | structural and functional differences in the brains of adults with chronic developmental stuttering |
| behavioral theory | stuttering is a learned response to external conditions, natural recovery may occur with the help of parents |
| diagnosogenic theory | originally diagnosed by parents(stuttering begins in the parents ear) |
| psychological theory | believes stuttering is a neurotic symptom |
| cancellation phase | completes stuttered word and then pauses, then produce stuttered word slowly |
| pull out phase | modifies stuttered word during stuttering,slowing down sequential movements |
| preparatory sets | prepare to use strategies before attempting the word,goal is to initiate the words in a more fluent manner |
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