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Clara Barton later began the American Red Cross, cared for the wounded on the battlefield. Joseph Hooker the union general at chancellorsville, fought against Lee and lost. George Meade The union general at Gettysburg, he fought against Lee, in a three day battle with which Lee retreated Robert E. Lee Confederate general; He successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to the Union's Commander General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse. U.S Grant •Civil War hero; Republicans nominated him as their presidential candidate in the election of 1868. he won •Eighteenth president of the United States; in charge of all Union forces. He accepted General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War. George Pickett American Confederate general known for leading a disastrous charge at Gettysburg William T. Sherman Union general, American soldier, businessman, educator and author. Goerge McClellan Lincoln (Rep.) runs with Andrew Johnson ( a Tennessee Democrat) -vs- __________(2nd battle of bull run, replaced by lincoln twice) •Ran against Lincoln in the 1864 election •Wanted to attack the Confederate capital at Richmond Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States (1865-1869). As Vice-President of the United States in 1865, he succeeded Abraham Lincoln following the latter's assassination. Johnson then presided over the initial Reconstruction era of the United States Abraham Lincoln 16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth John Wilkes Booth United States actor and assassin of President Lincoln Thaddeus Stephens of Pennsylvania, was a Republican leader and one of the most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives. As chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, Charles Sumner was an American politician and senator from Massachusetts. An academic lawyer and a powerful orator, he was the leader of the antislavery forces in Massachusetts and a leader of the Radical Republicans in the United States Senate during the American Civil War and Reconstruction, working to punish the ex-Confederates and guarantee equal rights to the Freedmen. Edwin Stanton U.S. Attorney General and Secretary of War. He was removed by President Andrew Johnson; also an ally of congressional Republicans Rutherford B. Hayes 19th President of the United States; his administration removed federal troops from the South and so ended the Reconstruction Period Emancipation Proclamation (1862) an order issued by President Abraham Lincoln freeing the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union; took effect January 1, 1863 Copperheads In 1863 the Union began to draft soldiers, causing riots across the North. The unrest added to an antiwar movement led by some Democrats in Congress and state legislatures. Their supporters called them Peace Democrats, but critics compared them to poisonous snakes, calling them ________ Epidemics of mumps, measles, and smallpox swept through army camps. Caused by poor sanitation and polluted water. What were the main causes of death? North South both the _____ and the _____ used the draft battlefield nurses; there we not any all-women regiments What was the role of women in the war? Monitor and Merrimack two American warships that fought the first engagement between ironclad ships To get scarce goods for the southerners. Yes it worked, they brought medicine, and other supplies for the soldiers What was the purpose of the Union Blockade? Did it work? 13th Amendment a constitutional amendment that outlawed slavery Sherman's March to the Sea (Union Victory Soldiers slaughtered livestock, crops, & looted homes & businesses because they wanted to strike the enemies economic resources. Whos victory? Chancellorsville Civil War battle that was one of the Confederate army's major victories; nearly 17,000 Union soldiers and 13,000 Confederate soldiers were killed, including Confederate General Stonewall Jackson Gettysburg a Union Civil War victory that turned the tide against the Confederates Vicksburg Grant was carrying on a siege of this town, a Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi. He aimed to starve its residents and defenders into surrender. For weeks, Union artillery and gunboats shelled the city. On July 4, as Lee began his retreat from Gettysburg, the Confederates at _____ surrendered. Chattanooga Sept. 1863- the end of '63. It's a railroad transportation center in Tennessee, viral to the confederacy. Grant defeats Confederate Braxton Bragg- opens the deep south to an invasion which will be Sherman's march to the sea. 180,000 40,000 __________ African-Americans will serve in the Union Army—________ will die McClellan vs. Lincoln The emancipation proclamation and the mounting casualties from Grant's campaign made the war highly unpopular in the North and Lincoln expected to lose the election election of 1864. Candidates? What happened? Rutherford B. Hayes vs. Samuel J. Tilden Hayes won, ended reconstrucion and had 14th and 15th amendmens Election of 1876. Candidates? what happened? Who won? Wade Davis Bill Congress' Reconstruction plan. It required a majority of a state's white male citizens to pledge loyalty to the Union before elections could be held. Lincoln killed the Bill with a pocket veto—that is, by ignoring the bill for 10 days. Freedman's Bureau organization created by Congress in 1865 to help former slaves and poor whites in the South KKK a secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights Civil Rights act of 1866 This bill gave African Americans citizenship and guaranteed them the same legal rights as white Americans Scalawag meaning scoundrel; name given by former Confederates to those southerners who supported the shift in power to Congress and the army in the South during Reconstruction Carpetbagger name given by Southern critics to Southerners allied with northern Republicans who came south to take part in the region's political and economic rebirth; given this name because it was claimed they could carry everything they owned in a carpetbag, a type of cheap suitcase made from carpet Tenant Farming system of farming where farmers rented their land from the landowner, and were allowed to grow whatever crop they chose Share Cropping a system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops 14th Amendment a constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians 15th Amendment (1870) gave African American men the right to vote Election of 1876 When did reconstruction end? Black Codes These gave freedmen certain rights, but their intent was to keep the former slaves in a dependent position and give planters a supply of cheap labor. They varied from state to state. Lincoln's 10% plan His plan is really easy on the south, everyone gets amnesty (blank slate), people cant run for office but they're free. When 10% of your people vote again you can vote for a government and join the union. 600,000 How many people will die in the war? to take the Miss. River and cut the South in two What was the North's strategy? Sherman _________forces Atlanta to surrender- He gives Lincoln a victory right before the election, they capture Atlanta. Appomattox Courthouse April 9th, 1865 Lee surrenders at_______ ______ sherman and grants armies against General Lee, he realizes he wont be able to win. Grants terms were nice, "you put down your guns and go back to farming", southerners are the countrymen again. War is over