| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Speaker Meaning | What a speaker intends to convey |
| Sentence and Word meaning | what a sentence or word means as the equivalent of in the language concerned |
| utterance | is any strech of talk by one person before and after there is silence |
| a sentence | is a string of words put together by the gramatical rules of a language |
| a proposition | is that part of the meaning of the utterance of a declarative sentence which describes a state of affairs. they correspond to facts. |
| John loves Isabella, Isabella loves John is an example of | Proposition |
| was your father in the navy? is an example of | proposition |
| sense | is its place is a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language.sameness of meaning, intuative concept |
| refrence | pick out something in the real world that is intended to correspond with the name |
| referent | The entity picked out |
| extention | is the set of entities that could possibly be the referent |
| actual reference | the speaker has a specific entity or set of entities in mind |
| potential reference | could have a specific entity in mind |
| I almost fell, i nearly fell | is an example of the same sense |
| he painted the wall pink, he painted the wall white | is an example of different sense |
| i need a lawyer | is not a refering expression |
| i need the lawyer | is a refering expression |
| homonymy | unrelated senses of the same phonological word ex. ring wring, foot foot, bank bank |
| polysemy | one word with mulitple senses ex party= political party, a party to have fun |
| synonymy | different phonological words with the same or similar meanings |
| antonymy | several different contrasting meaning pairs |
| simple antonymy | male / female |
| gradable antonymy | polite/ rude |
| reverse | eat/ vomit stop/ go |
| converse | borrow / lend , patient / doctor |
| hyponymy | x has the property of y sparrow has the property of bird |
| taxonymic sisters | words that are on the same level of classification |
| proposition | Minimally a proposition consists of a potential refering expression and an expression that denotes a property |
| predicate and arguments | x leave y |
| Moby swam from Africa to Asia. what is the predicate | swam |
| Moby swam from Africa to Asia. what are the arguments | moby, africa and asia |
| a man was in here looking for you | is an example of a referring expression |
| dick believes that a man with a limp killed bo peep | is an example of ambiguity |
| predicator | is the main predicate in a sentence even when a sentence has many clauses |
| equative sentence | is used to assert the identity of the referents of two referring expressions / to assert that two expressions have the same referent |
| that woman over there is my daughters teacher | is an equative sentence |
| ted is an idiot | is an equative sentence |
| cairo is a large city | is not an equative sentence |
| degree of a predicate | how many arguments a predicate takes on |
| An indefinite noun phrase | a new automobile, some sheep, five accountants - is often used to introduce a specific object or set of objects that is believed to be new to the addressee, as in: |
| definite noun phrase | The dog is eating in the garden |
| universe of discourse | the particular real or imaginary world that the speaker assumes he is talking about at the time. |
| Sometimes two expression have the same denotation (speakers use it to refer to the same entity); yet, they do not mean the same thing | My neighbor is an artist.Elaine is an artist. |
| Sense | core meaning .something in the speaker's mind that allows the speaker to make the link between expression and referent |
| prototype | is a typical member of its extention |
| stereotype | list of typical characteristics of things |
| componential analysis | the basic necessary characteristics that a word must have |
| fuzzy boundaries | hill and mountain |
| generic sentence | is a sentence in which some statement is made about a whole unrestricted class of individuals as opposed to a particular individual |
| that whale over there | is not a generic sentence but a referring one |
| the whale is a mamal | is a generic sentence has not particular reference |
| Deictic | a word that takes some of its meaning from the situation it is used like in "i wont ever speak to you again" the i is diectic referring to the speaker |
| this town aint big enough town is | diectic |
Combine with other sets
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