Learning Theory
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Created by:
Rosie-Harman on November 16, 2011
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Description:
Description and evaluation of learning theory as an explanation of attachment.
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Classical Conditioning | Learning by association. |
| Unconditioned Stimulus | Something you respond to naturally without learning it. |
| Unconditioned Response | Your behavior/reaction to an unconditioned stimulus. |
| Neutral Stimulus | No particular response to. |
| Conditioned Stimulus | Something you have to learn to response to. |
| Conditioned Response | What you have learnt to do from the conditioned stimulus. |
| Pairing | Unconditioned stimulus and neutral stimulus presented at the same time. |
| Operant Conditioning | Learning by consequences that follow. |
| Reinforcement | Makes a behavior stronger. More likely to see that behavior again. |
| Positive Reinforcement | Doing a behavior and receiving a reward. Makes behavior stronger, more likely to repeat it. |
| Negative Reinforcement | Doing a behavior and receiving a reward by the aversive thing getting taken away. |
| STUDY: Schaffer and Emerson (1964) | * Observation study - went into children's homes and observed they're attachment behaviors. * Studied them every month for 1st year, then came back once more when 18 months old. Looking specifically at separation from carer and reaction to strangers. RESULTS: * 40% of cases the carer who fed, bathe etc was not the person the baby formed a primary attachment with. Would have expected the opposite. :-( * Evidence for forming multiple attachments and care-giver sensitivity :-) |
| STUDY: Harlow (1959) | Cloth Mother, Wire Mother... * Isolated baby monkeys from birth. In cage were two fake mothers: 1. Made of wire, able to fed milk. 2. Made of cloth, unable to fed milk. * Observed behavior of monkeys with the fake mothers. Then frightened monkeys to see who it ran too for comfort. RESULTS: * Monkeys ran too cloth mother. Spent most of time with it. * Evidence for 'contact comfort' as appose to food. :-( Cannot prove that actually formed a bond. High ethically incorrect. :-) Evidence for contact comfort. |
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