Chapter 11 Blood
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Created by:
oliviamariecole on November 16, 2011
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74 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hematology | the study of blood |
| How much blood in adults? | 4L-6L |
| pH of Blood | 7.35-7.45 |
| Blood contains... | chemicals, cells, and plasma |
| Blood % of body weight | 7-9 |
| Plasma structure | yellowish, sticky fluid |
| 7 things found in plasma | antibodies, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, hormones, nutrients, minerals, wastes, salt, oxygen, food |
| globulin | carries antibodies |
| fibrinogen | clotting |
| albumin | thicker blood |
| what does plasma transport? | wastes, nutrients, hormones, oxygen, proteins, and antibodies |
| serum | plasma without clotting factors. Contains antibodies. |
| RBCs | erythrocytes |
| RBC structure | round, biconcave disk, no nucleus, large surface area |
| density of RBCs | 4-5 million/mm^3 of blood |
| Function of RBCs | Oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange between blood and body cells |
| Hemoglobin | 10-14. Protein adds oxygen and gets oxyhemoglobin |
| Hemopoiesis | made in soft bone marrow mostly sternum, hip, and ribs millions of cells per second made 4 month life span |
| Hematocrit test | should be 45% of whole blood |
| Anemia | inability of RBC to carry enough oxygen to body cells |
| iron deficiency anemia | low iron count |
| 4 effects of anemia | tired all the time females: poorer diet slower delivery of nutrients |
| low RBC count may be due to | low hematocrit- blood loss, hemmorage, infection, cancer radiation |
| pernicious anemia | Low B12 |
| polucuthemia | excess RBC, clogs |
| sickle cell | Africans, hooks form clots, hereditary |
| blood doping | transfusion of heathy, stored cells |
| WBCs | Leukocytes |
| WBC structure | larger cells nucleated 3-5% of whole blood |
| Granular leukocytes | neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils life span a few days |
| neutrophils | multi-lobed nucleus 60-70% |
| eosinophils | 2 lobed nucleus 2-4% |
| Basophils | 1 nucleus .5-1% |
| non granular leukocytes | lymphocytes monocytes life span 6 months |
| lymphocytes | 20-25% |
| monocutes | 3-8% |
| WBC function | defense and protect |
| phagocytosis cells | neutrophils, monocytes |
| antibodies cells | B Lymphocytes |
| attacking cells | T lymphocytes |
| parasitic and allergy protection cells | eosinophils |
| allergy protection and heparin production cells | Basophils |
| Formation of WBCs | in bone, lymph nodes, thymus & spleen |
| Leukopenia | abnormally low amount of WBCs viral infections |
| Leukocytosis | abnormally high amount of WBCs bacterial infection and Leukemia |
| Platelets | Thrombocytes |
| Platelets structure | tiny irregular fragments, no nucleus |
| platelets amount | 300,000/mm^3 |
| platelet % of whole blood | 3-5% |
| platelet life span | 1 week |
| Platelet functions | clotting |
| Clotting of platelets | sticky platelets break when they reach the wound, clumping together release of prothrombin activator & prothrombin forms thrombin thrombin+fibrinogen forms fibrin (protein gel) RBCs caught in fibrin to form clot |
| 3 clotting assistants | gauze compression Vitamin K Bandage or glue |
| Vitamin K | increase liver production of prothrombin |
| Thrombosis | thrombus formation- clots that stay put |
| embolism | dislodged thrombus-embolus |
| Hemophilia | clotting factor deficiency hereditary male- recessive, x chromosome |
| Treatments of clotting problems | Heparin Coumarin aspirin plasma factors |
| coumarin | blood thinner |
| Heparin | interferes with prothrombin, prevents clotting |
| Blood types based on... | antigens and antibodies |
| Antigens | on RBCs make us tolerant of blood types make our body produce antibodies |
| antibodies | form to fight foreign invasion |
| improper blood transfusions will cause | blood to clump |
| Type A blood | A antigens on cells anti-Bs antibodies inplasma 41% of Americans |
| Type B blood | B antigens on cells anti-As antibodies in plasma |
| Type AB blood | A & B antigens on cells no anti-A or anti-Bs antibodies in plasma universal recipient |
| Type O blood | O antigens on cells anti-B and anti-A antibodies in plasma universal donor |
| Rh Factor | one of many antigens on RBCs |
| Rh Positive | contains antigen plasma won't develop ABs to the antigen |
| Rh Negative | lack antigen plasma will develop ABs to the antigen if exposed |
| Erythroblatosis fetalis | fetus immune system attacks itself causing miscarriage Rh- mom Rh+ dad mom develops antibodies after 1st Rh+ kid subsequent Rh+ kids at risk |
| Treatment of Erythroblatosis fetalis | RhoGAM shot |
| RhoGAM | serum with protein prevents mom from forming antibodies to Rh+ baby w/o shot 2nd Rh+ child would miscarry |
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