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epidermis the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates dermis second layer of skin, holding blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles gland an organ of the body that secretes one or more hormones hormone a chemical that serves as a messenger. Each hormone is secreted by a gland and travels to one or more target organs, where it brings about responses. stress a reaction of the body to threatening, challenging or uncomfortable events nutrient any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue absorption the process by which nutrients move into the blood stream stimulus a change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react response an action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus melanin a pigment that gives the skin its color pore any small opening in the skin or outer surface of an animal follicle a structure in the dermis of the skin from which a strand of hair grows