Pharm 11-16-11 Drug Distribution & Toxicity
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Created by:
skimejon0717 Plus on November 16, 2011
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14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Therapeutic Index | LD50 / ED50: used as a measure of drug safety -Imperfect, but drugs with a wide therapeutic index are generally safer. -Doesn't account for allergies. |
| ED50 | Dose that exhibits therapeutic effect in 50% of population |
| LD50 | Does that generates death in 50% of population |
| EC50 | Concentration that generates 50% of maximal response |
| Pharmicokinectics | Passage of drug through the body (dose-concentration relationships) |
| Pharmicodynamics | Effects of drug on the body (concentration-effect relationships) |
| Acidic Drugs | -Uncharged in protonated form (below pKa) -Negatively charged in deprotonated form (above pKa) -Ion trapping occurs in basic environments |
| Basic Drugs | -Uncharged in deprotonated form (above pKa) -Positively charged in protonated form (below pKa) -Ion trapping occurs in acidic environments |
| Acidic Henderson Hasselbech | [AH] / [A-] = 10 ^ pKa - pH |
| Basic Henerson Hasselbech | [B] / [BH+] = 10 ^ pH - pKa |
| Calculation of ion trapping | Assume uncharged drug concentration on both sides of membrane = 1. Then use Henderson-Hasselbech to calculate the amount of charged drug & sum. |
| Milk distribution | Milk is more acidic than blood --> basic drugs are ion trapped in milk & secreted in high concentrations |
| Nictoine Gum | Nicotine is basic --> acidic substances like cola & coffee decrease absorption |
| Renal Clearance | In order to facilitate ion trapping of drugs in the ultra filtrate: acidic urine traps basic drugs, and basic urine traps acidic drugs. |
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