Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties
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Created by:
GabyPeralez on November 16, 2011
Subjects:
Advanced Placement World History
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chan Buddhism | Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society |
| Changan | Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time. |
| Flying Money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency |
| Foot Binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household |
| Jinshi | Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office |
| Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula |
| Jurchens | Founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south. |
| Li Bo | Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. |
| Li Yuan | Also known as Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu. |
| Ministry of Public Rites | Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars |
| Loyang | new capital of the Sui Dynasty; built by Yang Di |
| Pure Land Buddhism | Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular amond the masses of Chinese society. |
| Sinification | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam. |
| Southern Song | Rump state of the Song Dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of the much larger domains of the Tang and northern Song; Culturally, one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history. |
| Tang Dynasty | considered the golden age of Chinese civilization and ruled for nearly 300 years; China grew under the dynasty to include much of eastern Asia, as well as large parts of Central Asia |
| Tangut | Rulers of the Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of the regional kingdoms during the period of Southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226. |
| Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society. |
| Wendi | Member of prominent northern Chinese family during period of Six Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty |
| Wuzong | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology |
| Xuanzong | Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion |
| Yang Guifei | Young woman belonging to harem of Tang prince; raised to status of royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt |
| Yangdi | Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618 |
| Zhao Kuangyin | Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent. |
| Zhu Xi | (1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action |
| An Lushan | One of the Tang dynasty's foremost military commanders who mounted a rebellion and captured the capital at Chang'an and the secondary capital at Luoyang in 755. |
| Champa Rice | Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state. (See also tributary system.) (p. 295) |
| Chen Kingdom | Also known as the Southern Chen dynasty; the 4th and last of the Southern dynasties in China; destroyed by the Sui dynasty |
| Empress Wei | Woman who poisoned her husband, son of Empress Wu, to try and get power but failed. |
| Empress Wu | She led the Tang Dynasty (625-705 AD); Only women emperor of China; powerful and cruel, along with talented and intelligent |
| Gentry Class | high class who often became scholar officials |
| Gunpowder | a mixture of powders used in guns and explosives |
| Huangzhou | Capital of later Song; location near East China Sea permitted international commerce; population of more than 1,500,000. (south of Shanghai) |
| Jin Kingdom | Kingdom north of the song empire. Established by the Jurchens after overthrowing Liao Dynasty; ended in 1234 |
| Liao Dynasty | the dynasty that ruled much of Manchuria and northeastern China from 947 to 1125 |
| Taizong | the most powerful tang emperor, who restored the civil service exam system: he hired officials based on there test results and not on there families. he also gave land to farmers and stabilized the countryside |
| Sui Dynasty | The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China |
| tea | a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water |
| scholar | someone (especially a child) who learns (as from a teacher) or takes up knowledge or beliefs |
| Neo-Confucians | "new" Confucians; Combined philosophies of Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism |
| Qin Empire | a dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty in the 3rd century and the king used legalist ideas to unite his coutry. They defeated invaders, doubled the size of china, murdered Confucius followers/burned books. They bult and improves canals and irrigation and extended the great walls |
| subprefecture | An administrative division of a country thatis below prefecture or province. |
| Liao Dynasty | the dynasty that ruled much of Manchuria and northeastern China from 947 to 1125 |
| Bureau of Censors | A powerful Bureau in Tang era China that tracked all the officials and their records, also conducted the Chinese Census. |
| Liao Taizu | First emperor of the Liao dynasty (Abaoji) |
| Xi Xia | Kingdom of the Tangut people, north of Song Kingdom, in the mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened chinese peasantry. |
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