| Term | Definition |
|---|
| 1000 BC | David captures City of David from Jebusites |
| 701 BC | King Hezekiah revolts against Sennacharib of Assyria (backed by Egypt). Builds Hezekiah's wall for protection. Sennacharib fails to take Jerusalem. |
| 586 BC | Siege of Jerusalem by Babylonians (Nebuchadnezzar) results its destruction of Jerusalem and Temple. Elites are exiled. |
| 539 BC | Cyrus II ("The Great") of Persia enters Babylon , and allows exiles to begin to return to Jerusalem (Edict of Cyrus) |
| 520 BC | Construction of the Second Temple begins under the order of Cyrus the Great |
| 515 BC | Second temple is finished |
| 63 BC | Roman general Pompey takes Jerusalem and installs the Hasmonean king Hyrcanus on the throne |
| AD 70 | Roman Emperor Titus destroys Jerusalem and the Second Temple in response to the rebellion of the Jews |
| AD 135 | Jerusalem is rebuilt as a Roman city by the Emperor Hadrian and renamed Aelia Capitolina |
| AD 313 | Constantine makes Christianity the official religion throughout his lands. Jerusalem now becomes the center for Christian pilgrimage and the era of Jewish persecution begins |
| AD 614 | Persia (Sassanians) conquers Jerusalem again and damages the Church of the Holy Sepulcher and takes the True Cross. |
| AD 638 | Jerusalem is conquered by Caliph Umar who builds a wooden mosque, the Haram as-Sharif, on the Temple Mount |
| AD 691 | Dome of the Rock is completed under the order of Abd al-Malik |
| AD 1099 | Jerusalem is conquered by Godfrey de Bouillon during the First Crusade |
| AD 1187 | Saladin routes Crusaders at Horns of Hattin and Jerusalem surrenders to Saladin |
| AD 1967 | The Six Day War: Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran of all ships flying the Israeli flag. Israel launches a pre-emptive attack against Egypt. At the end of the war, Israel gains control of the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, and Golan Heights |
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