| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Hadrian | Roman emperor who rebuilt Jerusalem after the first Roman-Jewish war and renames it Aelia Capitolina. He abolishes circumcision and builds a new temple to Jupiter where the Second Temple used to be |
| Hannukah | Jewish holiday that commemorates the rededication of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean revolt against Antiochus |
| Haram esh-Sharif | the Temple mount where the First and Second Temple's were built. It is now the place of the al-Aqsa mosque and the Dome of the Rock |
| Hasmoneans | Ruling dynasty of Israel from 140-37 BC. It was established under Simon Baccabaeus. The Hasmonean Kingdom was eventually taken over by Herod the Great in 37 BC |
| Helena | mother of Constantine who is credited with locating the relics of the Judeo-Christian tradition, including the True Cross. She was responsible for lots of construction, including the Church of the Holy Sepulcher |
| Herod the Great | client king of Israel. He conducts a massive building campaign, which includes the expansion of the Temple Mount and rebuilding of the Second Temple |
| Hezekiah | Revolts against the Assyrians and constructs a wall to cut off the invaders from the water supply in Jerusalem (Gihon Spring) |
| Hezekiah's Tunnel | tunnel dug around 701 BC that led from the Gihon Spring to the Pool of Siloam to be used an aqueduct during the siege of the Assyrians |
| Hierosolyma | Greek form of "Jerusalem" |
| Church of the Holy Sepulcher | Church built at the site where Jesus was crucified and buried. The Church was constructed by Constantine |
| House of the Bullae | House found which contains clay seals that are in the context of the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem (587-586 BC). They are on the receiving end |
| Ilya | An arab name for Jerusalem |
| Imago mundi | a representation of the cosmos on earth |
| Jebus | name of the Canaanite fortress on the Temple Mount during the time of David. He conquers Jebus and establishes Jerusalem in its place |
| Jebusites | Canaanite tribe who inhabited the region around Jerusalem prior to the capture by David |
| Jewish Quarter | South-east quarter of the Old City |
| Josephus | A Jewish historian who survived and recorded the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70 |
| Josiah | Became King of Jerusalem at age 8. He instituted a series of reforms including outlawing pagan worship, repairing of the Temple, and reinstituted Passover celebrations and returned the Ark of the Covenant to the Temple. He also desecrated the high place where the priests had burned incense, broke down the shrines at the gates at the entrance to the Gate of Joshua, and desecrated Topheth, in the Valley of Hinnom. |
| Julian | Roman emperor who begings to rebuild the temple in AD 361-363 before a massive earthquake causes destruction |
| Justinian | Roman Emperor who expands Jerusalem and builds Nea Church |
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