| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Uses of Recombinant DNA Technology | Agriculture, medicine, evolutionary studies, identification, criminal investigations |
| Minisatellites | Alec Jefferys and colleagues discovered variation in 14-100 base pair DNA sequences located at many different chromosomal sites called |
| Short Tandem Repeats (STR) | A DNA fingerprint or profile of an individual is produced by evaluating the variations in the microsatellites or shorter |
| STR DNA Profiling | Most prevalent method in the U.S., amplify multiple STR loci by PCR, analyze the size of each STR by electrophoresis, CODIS |
| CODIS | (Combined DNA Index System), uses 13 STR loci, each STR has 2-5 nucleotide repeats, probabibility of 2 individuals having identical profile is 1/1,000,000,000 |
| Genetic Testing | Determines if someone has a genetic disorder, will develop a disorder, or is a carier for recessive traits, usually done on susceptible individuals |
| Genetic Screening | Search for individuals in a population, done to (almost) all newborns |
| Prenatal Diagnosis of a GD | Amniocentesis, chorionic villi sampling |
| Preimplantation Diagnosis of a GD | Fertilize egg in laboratory and grow to blastocyst stage, remove one of the cells from the embryo, amplify the gene of interest by PCR |
| Polar Body Biopsy of a GD | Before fertilization, used to test for X-linked disorder, polar body contains set of chromosome that did not go to the egg |
| DNA Microarray | Each chip has many (>50,000) sections, each section has short single-stranded DNA of a specific sequence attached, DNA that contain the identical sequence can hybridize |
| Biopharming | Production of medical molecules in other ogranisms, for example human insulin or growth hormones |
| Biopharming Using Animal: Pompe Disease | Autosomal recessive disorder, affected infants lack an enzyme named AGLU, which breaks down glycogen, accumulation of glycogen in muscle results in muscle weakness and heart enlargement |
| Transgenic Plant | Plants that incorporate a foreign gene, can be used to make edible vaccines |
| Genetically Modified Crops | Adds crop new characteristics like improved nutrition, longer shelf life, or better taste, or makes crops resistant to insects, disease, or herbicides |
| Golden Rice | Vitamin A deficiency is a serious health issue, so 2 genes from daffodils and 1 from bacteria were inserted, with added genes rice plants synthesize betacarotene, whtn the rice is eaten it is converted to Vitamin A |
| Transgenic Models of Human Disease | Produce an animal with symptoms that mirror those in humans, use the model to study the development and progress of the disease, test treatments that hopefully will cure the model organisms of human disease, for example, mice |
| Huntington Disease | Autosomal dominant, progressive neural degeneration (dementia, lose control of arms and legs, emotional disturbance), adult onset, die in 10-15 years after onset, a copy of this human gene was studied in animals |
Combine with other sets
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