| Term | Definition |
|---|
| hybridization | crossing two dissimilar organisms to get the best traits from each in the resulting offspring |
| inbreeding | breeding individuals with similar characteristics to maintain desired characteristics |
| risks on inbreeding | purebreds have a greater chance of genetic defects since most genetic abnormalities are recessive |
| examples of inbreeding in plants and in animals | plants-if all the same plats are planted are bred if one dies then they all die. animals- farmer wants a good milking cow and strong cow so he cross breeds a good milking cow with a strong bull to get a strong good milking cow |
| restriction enzymes | leaving sticky ends overlapping and using then to cut the DNA |
| gel electrophoresis | to separate and identify genes in DNA fragments |
| PCR (polymerase chain reaction) | used to make copies of DNA fragments |
| plasmids in bacteria | used as a vector to recombine and transfer genes |
| transgenic bacteria | donor gene removed from the human DNA using restriction enzyme, plasmid opened with the same restriction enzyme, insulin gene inserted in plasmid, plasmid is now reintroduced into bacteria, bacteria produces insulin |
| transgenic plants | plants are infected with bacteria whose plasmids usually cause tumors in plants. the tumor producing gene is inactivated and the bacterial plasmid insted only introduces the desired donor gene |
| transgenic animals | DNA can be injected directly into the cells or host genes can be replaced with the donor gene |
| cloning | population if genetically identical cells produced from a single cell |
| DNA fingerprints | compares repeated sections of genes that have little to no known function, but vaary widley from one person to another. gel electrophoresis used to separate fragments, the specific repeats are then labeled using radioactive probes producing bands to e compared |
| the human genome project | attempt to sequence all of the human DNA completed in 2000 |
| gene therapy | replacement of a defective gene with a normal on. the body makes the correct enzyme or other protein it needs |
| important issues | GM foods. control of your DNA |
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