| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Cancer | Major cause of death, cell division out of control, invasive, may metastasize, affects many different cells and tissues in the body, caused by both the environment and genotype |
| Metastasize | Spread to other sites |
| Malignancy | The difference between cancer and other "safe" tumor, invasive |
| Tumor | Cells that show uncontrolled cell division |
| Tumor Suppressor Gene | When tumor suppressor gene is broken, cell loses control, normal function is to regulate cell cycle, Rb (cell cycle), p53 (cell cycle), BRCA 1, 2 (DNA repair) |
| Oncogene | When it is over-activated,over-expressed, cell loses control, mutant forms of proto-oncogenes, normal function is to progress cell cycle, Ras (intracellular signaling protein), etc. |
| Proto-oncogenes | Promote cell division, but normally regulated, mutant form is oncogenes |
| Sporadic | Inherited no DNA problem, mutations (somatic) accumulate as you grow |
| Familial | Inherited mutation, retinoblastoma (40% familial), breast cancer (5%-10% familial) |
| Retinoblastoma | Cancer of the retina, diagnosed between the ages of 1-3 years, 40% of al cases are due to an autosomal dominant trait, 60% are sporadic cases, RB gene is broken |
| RB1 Gene | Located at 13q14 and encodes for protein pRB, if both copies of this gene are deleted or mutated, the cell divides in an uncontrolled manner |
| pRB | Regulates cell cycle, prevents the cell from moving from G1 to S, tumor suppressor |
| Hereditary Retinoblastoma | Individuals with one mutant RB allele have a 90% chance of developing this, autosomal dominant, carrier has high risk to have both eyes affected |
| Sporadic Retinoblastoma | Mutations occur in both copies of RB gene at 12q14, generally only in one eye |
| Breast Cancer | Most common form of cancer in U.S. women, may also be found in men, most cases are sporadic but approx. 5% are the result of an inherited mutation of the BRCA1 gene, about 1/200 women inherit the allele, of these, approx. 90% will develop breast cancer, dominant |
Combine with other sets
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