DNA, GENE EXPRESSION, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
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Created by:
megann1115 on November 17, 2011
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 JAMES WATSON AND FRANCIS CRICK | Broke the code of DNA structure in 1953 by gathering information from fellow scientists |
| WHO DID THEY GATHER INFO FROM? | Line Pauling, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin |
| LINUS PAULING | Molecular Structure |
| MAURICE WILKINS AND ROSALIND FRANKLIN | X-ra picture of DNA |
| STRUCTURE OF DNA | Double Helix |
| DNA | phosphate attached to a sugar group genetic material made of nucleotide sequences |
| 4 TYPES OF DNA | Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Thymine |
| WHICH OF THESE DNA'S PAIR UP? | Guanine + Cytosine Adenine + Thymine |
| GENOME | An organisms full set of DNA found in its nucleus or in circular pieces of genetic material |
| HOW MANY PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES TO HUMANS HAVE? | 23 pairs |
| EACH SPECIES WILL HAVE THE SAME AMOUNT OF CHROMOSOMES THAT MAKE UP GENETIC MATERIAL? | No |
| LARGER NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES MEANS MORE COMPLEX ORGANISM? | No |
| GENES | Genes are the specific sequence of base pairs that carry the information for a specific product or expression |
| ALLELES | Alternate versions of a gene that code for the same feature. pair of genes for a given trait. |
| INTRONS | Regions of the gene that are considered "non-coding" DNA sequences. They will usually precede and follow after. |
| EXON | Coding sequence of the gene. |
| ARE THERE MORE CODING SEQUENCES THAN NON-CODING SEQUENCES? | No |
| GENOTYPE | The sequence of base pairs that codes for a particular trait or protein for the organism |
| PHENOTYPE | The physical trait or protein made by the gene. |
| WHAT MUST OCCUR FOR THE BASE PAIR SEQUENCE'S "MESSAGE" TO GET OUT IN TO THE CELL? | Translation and Transcription |
| TRANSCRIPTION | makes an mRNA strand of one side of the DNA |
| TRANSLATION | mRNA is translate into two DNA strands |
| mRNA | Can leave the nucleus and work its way to a ribosome for protein production |
| WHEN DOES TRANSLATION OCCUR? | After mRNA has found its way from the nucleus to a ribosome |
| RIBOSOME DECODE | Decode into strands of proteins that are very long chains of amino acids |
| TRANSFER RNA | A series of 3 nucleotides that reads a 3 nucleotide sequence in the mRNA in order to find the amino acid that will be next in line for the protein to be built. |
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