| Term | Definition |
| Crops | plants that are deliberately grown for harvesting by people |
| Harvest | to gather |
| Domesticate | to tame, to turn from wild into something that people can use |
| Scholars | Educated people, people who put time and energy into learning |
| Grains | Small, dry, one-seeded fruits of a cereal grass; examples: wheat, corn, rice, oats |
| Excavation Site | An area of land where archaeologists uncover artifacts |
| Trait | Quality or characteristic that can be used to describe something |
| By-product | Something produced when trying to make something else, side-effect |
| Cattle | Groups of cows and bulls |
| Agriculture | Producing crops and raising livestock, farming |
| Livestock | Domestic animals, usually raised for money |
| BC | Before Christ |
| Herders | People who manage large group of domestic animals (like cows or sheep), and drive them in certain directions (like sheperds) |
| Food Producers | People who provide food for a community, usually by growing it |
| Social Divisions | When people in a group are divided, usually according to the type of work that they do, also sometimes by race or religion |
| Surplus | Extra supply |