Bio test #3
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Created by:
omiclature on November 18, 2011
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65 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 G1 stage | cellular growth, metabolic activity, centrioles duplicate, skeletal muscle cells arrested here |
| S stage | 1 chromatid becomes two |
| M phase | mitosis |
| G2 phase | preparation for cytokinesis, cardiac ells arrested |
| Prophase | condense (mitosis) |
| Metaphase | line up (mitosis) |
| Anaphase | split apart (mitosis) |
| Telophase | cytokinesis (mitosis) |
| Prophase I | father and mother chromosomes pair up (meiosis) |
| Metaphase I | paired chromosomes line up (meiosis) |
| Anaphase I | separate (meiosis) |
| Telophase I | cytokinesis (meiosis) |
| Prophase II | 2 daughter cells (meiosis) |
| Metaphase II | chrom. line up like in mitosis (meiosis) |
| Anaphase II | sister chromatids split (meiosis) |
| Telophase II | cytokinesis II (meiosis) |
| diploid | one set of chromosomes from each parent |
| haploid | only ones set of chromosomes, found in sex cells |
| spermatogonium | original cell, no lining up or anything (sperm) |
| Primary spermatocyte | original cell, in the process of splitting (sperm) |
| Secondary spermatocyte | Metaphase II :) (sperm) |
| Spermatid | the individual sperm |
| oogonium | original cell, no lining up or anything (egg) |
| Primary Oocyte | original cell, in the process of splitting (egg) |
| Secondary Oocyte | metaphase II (egg) |
| polar bodies | very little cytoplasm in comparison to the mature ovum |
| Calculating units of DNA | # chromosome # chromatids/ chrom units of DNA |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| phenotype | physical appearance |
| Probability : "and" | multiply |
| Probability: "either/ or" | add |
| autosome | all chromosomes except for sex chromosomes |
| white-eyed fruit flies | recessive |
| F1 generation of flies | all offspring were red-eyed |
| F2 generation of flies | 1/2 male white eyed, female all red |
| TH Morgan | discovered sex linkage |
| Gregor Mendel | studied pea plant and discovered genetics |
| Barbara McClintock | discovered jumping genes |
| Turner Syndrome | XO (no six organs, short) |
| Metafemale | XXX (limited fertility) |
| Downs | 3 #21 |
| Klinefelter syndrome | XXY (feminine characteristics) |
| Phenotypically normal male | XYY (normal male w/ delayed mental development) |
| recombinants | the two smallest results, parents |
| Bateson and Punnett | discovered linkage and crossing over, used sweet peas |
| crossing over | happens during prophase I of meiosis |
| % crossing over | # recombinants/ total offspring |
| Point Mutations | Duplications, Deletions, Substitutions |
| Chromosomal changes | Translocations (part of the chromosome moves), Inversions (chromosome copied backwards), shuffling introns and exons (stuff not meant to code for protiens are shuffled with those that are), Numerical |
| Stabilizing natural selection | more average individuals less of outlayers |
| Directional natural selection | decides to favor a more uncommon type of individuals |
| Disruptive Natural Selection | increases two extremes and decreases average |
| Prezygotic | Ecological, Temporal (species breed at different times of day, year), Behavioral, Mechanical (structured differently), Gametic |
| Hybrid inviability | genetic incompatibility causes abortion |
| Hybrid sterility | hybrid healthy but not reproductively stable |
| Hybrid breakdown | hybrid fertile but children not |
| Allopatric | geographical barrier |
| Sympatric | reproductive barrier |
| coelocant | lobbed fin (foot-like) |
| Archeoptryx | bony tail, feathers, reptilian head/teeth/scales |
| hominid links | little people |
| E. Haekel | discovered Compartive Embryology |
| Lamarck | giraffes and neck :) |
| Darwin and Wallace | four elements |
| Taxonomy | Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
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