Chapter 9 Anesthetic agents and other drugs
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Created by:
hmeustice on November 18, 2011
Subjects:
surgical technology, chapter 9, anesthesia, pharmacology, drugs
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 oxygen | not classified as an anesthetic agent but is a component of most anesthetic administrations |
| nitrous oxide | a clear, colorless gas with a subtle fruity odor and is the only true gas still in use |
| volatile agents | consist of a group of liquids whose potent evaporative vapors, when inhaled, produce general anesthesia through interaction with the CNS |
| Sevoflurane | ultane; odorless, non-pungent inhalation agent that does not irritate the respiratory tree; ideal agent for adult and pediatric inhalation induction |
| Desflurane | suprane; requires the use of a heated vaporizer for administration; safe for patients with hepatic deficiency |
| Isoflurane | forane; mildly pungent, must smelling halogenated inhalation agent; can cause hypotension |
| Enflurane and halothane | Ethrane and fluothane; less commonly used; rapid action |
| intravenous agents | comprise the largest group of surgical pharmacological agents in use today |
| inhalation agents | anesthetic agents that are inhaled and pass into the bloodstream via pulmonary functions |
| antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) | refers to an agent used to block parasympathetic effects such as salivation and bradycardia |
| IV induction agents | go quickly from stage 1 to stage 3; do not provide pain relief or motor impulse blockade but do produce marked sedation and amnesia |
| Propofol | Diprivan; sedative-hypnotic agent introduced into anesthesia practice in early 90's; named milk of amnesia; agent of choice on day admission patients and short procedures |
| Etomidate | nonbarbiturate hypnotic agent used for anesthesia induction |
| Thiopental sodium | short acting potent barbiturate that does not provide anesthesia or muscle relaxation but has hypnotic, amnesic, and sedative effects; stored in lipid tissues |
| Brevital | methohexital sodium; ultrashort onset and duration of action; agent of choice for achieving short-term loss of consciousness during opthalmology and shock therapy |
| dissociative agents | selectively interrupt the associative pathways of the brain; may appear wide awake but unaware of surroundings; produce amnesia and profound analgesia |
| Ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar) | most commonly used dissociative agent; given via IM or IV; does not produce relaxation or reduce reflexes; causes flashbacks; only used on children 2-10 years of age |
| opiate/opioids | group of narcotics classified as analgesics which also produce sedation |
| All opiate/opiods | are Class II controlled substances |
| Drugs in opiate/opioid class | opiate morphine sulfate and syntehtic opioids; includes Demerol, fentanyl( Sublimaze), sufentanil (Sufenta), alfentanil (Alfenta), and remifentanil (Ultiva) |
| Demerol or Meperidine | similar in action to morphine; in the opiate class; used to treat moderate to severe pain; can be given IM but given IV when used as anesthetic adjunct |
| Morphine sulfate | used for control of severe pain; given IM as preop sedative/analgesic or postop analgesic, IV as anesthetic agent, or intrathecally via spinal administration |
| Sublimaze or Fentanyl citrate | first of the syntehtic narcotic analgesics to be used of ranesthesia administration; rapid onset and short duration |
| Sufenta or Sufentanil citrate | similar in nature to fentanyl but five times more potent; given as primary anesthetic or adjunct; procudes analgesia with marked sedation and euphoria; short duration |
| Remifentnail hydrocholoride or Ultiva | ultrashort acting synthetic opioid metabolized in blood and muscle tissue; short duration of action (5-10 minutes) |
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