BIOS 280 - Exam IV: End of Chapter 11
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nixm01 Plus on November 18, 2011
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Adrenal glands | paired organs that cap the superior borders of the kidneys |
| The adrenal gland is on top of (but not a part of) the kidney. What 2 sections make up the adrenal, were are they located and what are their function(s)? | Adrenal cortex=outer section; secretes steroid hormones that participate in regulation of mineral and energy balance; Adrenal Medulla=inner section; secretes catecholamine hormones (SNS, Fight or Flight) |
| The _______ is divided into 3 zones: outer zona glomerulosa, middle zona fasciculate and inner zona reticularis. | Adrenal cortex |
| Aldosterone: From what is it excreted? What is its function? | Excreted from adrenal cortex; stimulates kidneys to reabsorb Na+ and water while excreting potassium (helps to increase blood volume and pressure); goes hand-in-hand with ADH. |
| ________ is the nucleus of all steroid hormones. | Cholesterol |
| The ___________ secretes steroid hormones called corticosteroids/corticoids (3 subcategories of corticosteroids). | Adrenal cortex |
| What is the name of the group of steroids excreted by the adrenal cortex? What are the 3 subcategories and each of their functions? | Corticosteroids: 1) Mineralocorticoids=regulate Na and K balance "for steroid and K" influence; 2) Glucocorticoids=suppress immune system; regulates metabolism of glucose |
| GAS: What does it stand for and what is it? | general adaptation syndrome; nonspecific response of the body (involving adrenal gland) to readjust itself following any demand made upon it. |
| Where is the thyroid gland located? | Just below larynx with its two lobes positioned on either side of trachea. |
| Which gland sets basal metabolic rate? | (aka how quickly you use oxygen) Thyroid gland |
| Hyperthyroid | increased metabolic rate (too much secretion of thyroid hormone); often seen in young adults |
| Hypothyroid | decreased metabolic rate (inadequate secretion of thyroid hormone); seen in middle aged females, runs in families, very easily treatable. |
| If the parathyroid glands are responsible for the increase in calcium levels in cells, what is responsible for lowering these levels (when needed)? | Calciptonin |
| _______ promotes the lowering of blood glucose and the storage of energy, while _______ has antagonistic effects that raise blood glucose. | Insulin; glucagon |
| The _______ is both an endocrine and exocrine gland. | Pancrease |
| What is the specifically discussed disease of the thyroid (name and description)? | Iodine-deficiency (endemic) goiter; abnormal growth of thyroid gland by an insufficient amount of iodine in diet which causes the thyroid to produce inadequate amounts of T4 and T3. |
| The endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of scattered clusters of __________. These structures are most common in the body and tail of pancreas. | Pancreatic islets (aka islets of Langerhans) |
| In the pancreas, _______ cells increase blood glucose, while _______ cells decrease it. | Beta cells (insulin); alpha cells (glucagon) |
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