1.
"Phallic songs" in Hellenic theater and drama deal with...: comedy.
2.
1ST CATARACT as part of Environment in Ancient Egypt: are like rapids -- like stairsteps. The first was Egypt's Southern Boundary (ancient Egypt). After the colorntae, there was no more Whitewater -- about 700 miles of no white water rapids.
3.
450 to 476 BC: The beginning and ending of Rome.
4.
A 'prime mover,' a subject which medieval Christians used as an argument for the existence of God, proposed by which of these Hellenic Era Greeks?: Aristotle.
5.
About ANCIENT EGYPT: Egypt was a British Colony. The Sudan is the largest country, landwise, in Africa. Mesopotamina [Iraq]
6.
ABSOLUTISM OF THE PHARAOH:: Owned all land
Decided when fields should be sown
Controlled the irrigation system [from the Nile River]
Received the surplus crops [that's how they made money]
7.
ACE means...: After the Common Era
8.
After 750 BC, city-states progressed:: 1. From one man rule or Monarchy [King] TO
2. Rule by small powerful groups [nobles - Aristocracy] TO
3. Rule by the people of democracy
9.
All of the following were true of literature in the late republic EXCEPT...: a. Octavian celebrated the deeds of his famous uncle Julius in an epic poem.
b. Lucretius follow the Greek pattern of teaching philosophy through poetry.
c. Cicero reached the apex of classical learning in his orations and commentaries
d. Sallust's histories searched for moral lessons in human events
e. Caesar's commentaries reached high literary levels while advancing his career. THE ANS. IS [A]
10.
ANACHRONISM: Something out of place in time.
11.
Ancient Egypt - HERODOTUS...: Herodotus was given credit as being the father of history. Herodotus said that the Nile was the black lands, wherever it reached, it was silt -- top soil - very rich.
12.
BCE means...: Before Common Era
13.
BLACK LANDS as part of Environment in Ancient Egypt: Fertile soil from floods. Rich soil used for farming.
14.
By the second century Rome's frontier legioins were: on defense against invading German tribes
15.
CHAVINISM: Named after one of Napoloean's generals who was pro-France. It Means super patrotism.
16.
Christianity's growth from the 2nd through the 4th centuries can NOT be attributed to: EFFICIENT ORGANIZATION.
17.
CHRONOCENTRISM: Measures time.
1. Wanting on wishing to line in a time that is past.
2. Judging values of another / previous time
18.
CONCUBINE: When a King has a wife and also has other wives, as well as other women - girlfriends or sex toys.
19.
Conspicuous of the bonds that united them, the Ancient Greeks felt... And Referred to Non-Greeks as:: 1. Superior to other people [ETHNOCENTRISM.].
2. Barbarians
20.
Corinthian columns: 
21.
Cuneifern: A form of reading.
22.
Doric columns: 
23.
Egypt was Politically Unified for....: 1300 years before it was invaded. They had local battles but none from the outside beause of the protection provided by nature.
24.
ENVIRONMENT in Ancient Egypt: Very little rain. Nile river began in Africa at Lake Victoria. The population cannot exist without water. The Nile River stppried water to this region.
25.
ETHNOCENTRISM: The feeling that your culture, group, country, etc., was better than any elses [inferiority].
26.
Every local god came to be identified with....: the sun.
27.
Everything in our books is based on...: Recorded, Survives, Discovered, Translated and Interpreted
28.
Eygpt was divided into 'nomes' [meaning, to states or provinces, districts] (like states) - districts -: These nomes were called Nomarchs.
29.
For ancient peple, writing was....: arcane [wizzards].
30.
Geography's effect on Greece..: 1. Mountains [divided the area into small economic Units]. Herds and Planting. Result: City-States. AND
2. Water [surrounded by and islands]. Result: It lend to trade throughout the Mediterranean Sea and Beyond. The only thing they had that was wanted AMBER. The Greeks were wanderers.
31.
Greek religion was in every case...: administered by enlightened philosophers.
32.
Greeks and "The fear of Persia"..: Phidippides, who was a runner for the Greeks, ran many miles to deliver messages regarding their emenies' location or position. [no other way of communication during time of ancient Greece.] Phidippides ran so hard and fast to deliver a message that once he delivered the message, he fell dead.
33.
Greeks and Olympic Games included...: Racing [foot, sprints, chariot, horses, jumping, throwing discas, bolting, wrestling -- Greggico / Roman wrestling]. They put olive leaves on the winner. Women were not allowed to attend Olympics. All men were nude. War halted during time of Olympic Games.
34.
Greeks and Religion:: Their Greek gods. The Greeks had a number of Anthropomorphic [means human quality] gods that can change into anything. Their gods took on human shape - transformed.
35.
Greeks defended themselves from Persain [Iran today - Built Plutoon Bridge (Floating Bridge)] attacks by:: 1. The Greeks sent aid to the Greek City-States in Asia Minor.
2. Darius, King of Persia, burned Miloetrus City.
3. Darius tries to conquer Athens by..
a. Sent a fleet of ships to sailt o unload men in Athens
but was destroyed in a storm.
b. 2nd - This was the Battle at Mathron. Darius lost this
Marathon
c. 3rd - Persains modeled their Navy fther the Greeks.
The mistocles ship to ship battle at Salamis. The
Greeks under Themistocles, defeated the Persians at
Salamis.
d. That ended the Persain threat.
36.
Hammurabi's Code: A legal code developed by King Hammurabi of Mesopotamia. The code was influential in the establishment of Hebrew and Islamic law and in the U.S. judiciary system. It specified crimes and punishments to help judges impose penalties.
37.
Hellenic art that served private collectors was called...: pottery painting.
38.
History as Progress...: Mankind [a step in the right direction].
39.
History as Revolution means..: Drastic change. Definition - Sudden, violent change.
40.
History is Cyclical: 
Symbol of history. View of History. History goes in cycles. What goes around, comes around.
41.
How did Pharaoh combined religious and political functions?: Through himself.
42.
How many nomes are in lower (Northern) Egypt: 20.
43.
How many nomes are in upper (Southern) Egypt: 22
44.
How was reading done in early times?: Reading was done aloud.
45.
In "Rite of Passage", Rite means: Ritual
46.
In 73 A.D. a rebellion shook Rome, led by Spartacus, who was a ....: gladiator from Thrace
47.
Ionic columns: 
48.
JUDGMENT OF THE DEAD:: - The dead were brought to the Underworld, a judgment hall.
- In the presence of the great gods, every Egyptian who died was tried [put on trial].
- Egyptians practiced negative confessioin [deny committing certain sins - 42 specific sins. 'I did not do...']
- Anubis, the jackal-headed god, and Thoth, the ibis-headed god, stood before a balance and took the heart of the dead one and put it on one pan of the balance [scale], and feather on the other [symbolizing truth].
- If the heart sank, it was heavy with sin.
- Those who passed the test went to 'heaven', and there they ate bread that was never dry, drank good wine.
- After 3000 years of life the soul [Ba] returned to the earth and entered the old body [which was preserved] and the person had to identify himself with Osiris [triumph over the grave]. Ba means Soul.
- Thus, the dead Egyptian was called Osiris [identifying process] AND
- Then the dead one was embalmed [after trial and everything].
49.
Julius Caesar...: was assassinated because he was such a strong republican.
50.
Lake Atbura in Africa [near the Nile] is known as the...: Blue Lake
51.
Language spoken by the Greeks was...: Koine Greek which is a common Language that united them. Agape is the Greek word for love of everyone. Hleo or Phileo is Greek for brotherly love. Eros is sexual love [comes from Latin].
52.
Literature during the time of Ancient Greece was...: Homer
53.
Marcus Aurelius is seen as a Platonic figure because he: ruled as a philosopher king
54.
Minoan civilization was not fortified implying that they had...: Mastery of the sea
55.
Moran means: Many people
56.
Moran means...: Singular, warrior
57.
Names of the sun god, also had forms such as..[a].: a. ATUN - human form, wore double crown of Egypt
also worn Pharaoh: Lower Egypt - red crown
Upper Egypt - white crown
58.
Names of the sun god, also had forms such as..[b].: B. KHEPRA - scarab beetle - considered sacred. A scarab beetle will dig a hole, get it ready; gather up dung from wherever they can get it; cover the hole, lay eggs on it. This was their purpose.
59.
Names of the sun god, also had forms such as..[c].: C. RA (RE) - form of a falcon head, human body; Bird; equated with Horus [son of Isis and Osiris]. Every day Ra sailed across the sky in solar boat. Ra aged during this trip across the horizon, but at dawn he was a newborn child again. By noon, he was in the prime of life, at sunset, he was old. He died and born again in the morning.
60.
Nature 'protected' as well as 'provided' for the Egyptians..(Vertical Climate): On both sides of Egypt's borders are protected. On the west side, there are cliffs that help defends/defines Egypt. On the east, there is the Sinai which is part of the Sahara.
61.
NILE'S BOUNTY as part of Environment in Ancient Egypt...: The good stuff. The bountiful crops. The bounty came and could be counted on because the Nile slows predictability. Orgin of the Nile - Lake Victoria and after its juction with Lake Atbura, (Blue Lake) flows together with Nile.
62.
NUDISM is...: the modern secular religion in this aspect [THE SUN]. Nudists like to take their clothes off in the summer.
63.
One of these Greek styles of architectural columns is not actually a column and it is: pre-Socratic.
64.
One or another of the five 'good emperors' did all of the following EXCEPT: a. reduced power of Roman officials
b. said who could become a Roman citizen
c. improved roads to bind the empire
d. suported building programs in the empire
e. created schools for poor children
ANS. IS [a]
65.
PHARAOH: The primary link to the gods. All life is dependent on Pharoah. The Egyptians had 30,000 gods. Pharaoh was the [Incarnate (meaning becoming visible, physical, flesh)] god. His power was "absolute" as all of Egypt belonged to him. Pharaoh had vital functions. Egyptians view the world as order by Orcaten by chaos.
Means "great house" and is a title used by the rulers of Egypt. Pharaohs had absolute power because they were believed to be gods and could control the land and people of Egypt.
66.
Pharaoh had what type of bureaucracy to help him rule: a huge bureaucracy. [2000 titles have been discovered]
67.
Pharaoh used a horde of royal agents who had many functions.: Pharaoh picked people to help him with the following:
Religious Ceremonies;Defense; Justice; Planning for the Nile's annual flooding; Coordinators of food preparation; Patronage for the artistian.
Longtes [anice] Trading
Public Works Projects
Oversee the army of scribes (writers who recorded everything]
68.
PHARAOH'S TASK continued....: To be just to all of the things that are his. There was a judging of the dead. Ocysus was the one [god] who judged the dead. Anubus is the god at death to judge. The practical negative confession. As questions are asked, Anubus is watching the Scale. Pharaoh's authority was so wide spread, Egypt did not develop a code of law. Pharaoh's will was all the law Egypt needed.
69.
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT in Ancient Egypt
Nature divided Egypt into how many regions?: Two regions. 1. Upper Egypt [up-river] - the narrow valley [higher elevation]
2. Lower Egypt [down-river] created the broad delta.
70.
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT in Ancient Egypt - Who Conquered the Delta?: Menes conquered the Delta and unified the land in 3100 BC. He unified uper and lower Egypt into one nation. It created a special type of hat that had two sides. One side was red and the other side was white.
71.
Political Developments in Greece [roughly around 700 BC] were:: Homeric age. AND
Greek city -states were governed by:
a. A Tribal King and/or
b. A council of Elders [age and wisdom].
72.
RACISM: Judging people by appearance.
73.
RED LANDS as part of Environment in Ancient Egypt: Utterly barren desert and stretched the horizions. It is the The Sahara-vast desert, located in Egypt. The land of desert area on either side of the Nile River
74.
Regarding MOHAMMAND: When Mohammand died, they were looking for the next Caliph; so the people broke into 2 groups [Sunni and Shia]. They chose Abu Bakr as the next Caliph. The 2 most famous names to Muslins were Mohammand and Ali. People did not like when Ali was killed. They broke into 2 separate groups: Sinni & Shia or Shiite. 85% are Sunni with one major exception - Iran. 15% of all were Muslins.
75.
ROADS WERE NOT NEEDED as part of Environment in Ancient Egypt: because the river was the highway. The river itself at its widest is the mouth.
76.
Roman Citizen Soldiers were: Peasants who fought willingly to save their land.
77.
Romans' most important contribution to architecture was the use of: concrete on a massive scale
78.
Rome hired and paid Mercenaries to fight because...: the Peasants refused to fight. However, Mercenary fighters were unreliable.
79.
Stele: 
A monument that was vertical, either small or large, that held writing or pictures to commemorate or record something
80.
Summary of Ancient Greece: Greece was a nation not in name but in culture. They were divided into city states. The city-states war against one another. Despite the wars, they developed intellectually in medicine.
81.
Term to know when mankind is studied in groups:
CULTURAL RELAVITISM: What's right in one place, may not be right in another place.
82.
Term to know when mankind is studied in groups:
MORES: Mores are laws, moral laws [deals greatly with sex life all over the world]. Theft. exa. Napoleanic Code
83.
Term to know when mankind is studied in groups:
NORMS: Norms are Rules.
84.
Term to know when mankind is studied in groups:
SANCTIONS.: Punishment
85.
Term to know when mankind is studied in groups: FOLKWAYS: Customs of the people
86.
Terms to know in reference to diety: Diety means GOD
87.
Terms to know in reference to diety: AGNOSTICISM: The person who hedges his/her bets. [maybe there is or is not a grid]. Someone who is not sure about the existance of GOD.
88.
Terms to know in reference to diety: ATHEISM: Without a GOD
89.
Terms to know in reference to diety: MONOTHEISM: The worshiping of one GOD.
90.
Terms to know in reference to diety: PANTHEISM: GOD is in nature. Nature is in GOD.
91.
Terms to know in reference to diety: POLYTHEISM: Worship of many/multiple Gods. Hindiuism, Buddism(examples)
92.
Terms to know in regard to kin and relationships: BIGAMY: Two Spouses
93.
Terms to know in regard to kin and relationships: BIGOMENIST: One with two wives.
94.
Terms to know in regard to kin and relationships: MONOGAMY: One spouse
95.
Terms to know in regard to kin and relationships: POLYANDRY: Woman with several husbands (Ancient China)
96.
Terms to know in regard to kin and relationships: POLYGAMY: Many wives.
97.
Terms to know in regard to kin and relationships: SERIAL MONOGAMY: A series of husbands (one at a time).
98.
The 2nd Triumvirate ended finally when....: Marc Antony committed suicide in Egypt
99.
The absolute power Augustus held as 'princeps' led to ...: a. Victory of his candidates in elections
b. less popular participation in voting
c. little power in pupular assemblies
d. his great personal popularity
e. All of the above (a-d). ANS. IS [e]. NOTE: READ OVER THIS IN CHAPTER 6 -- he is going to change question.
100.
The arcane Mystery of writing was that....: the mysteric markings made by scribes. People found it facinating
101.
THE ASARAN DAM: Asaran Dam was built across the Nile and is 300 miles long. There was a type of fish that grew in salt water.
102.
The battles at Marathon, Thermopylae and Salamis were by the Greeks against..: Persia.
103.
The best word to describe the social and political organization of Homeric Greece is...: democratic - rule by the people
104.
The city-state that was the Exception to Progression and Political Developments was the city-state of...: Sparta.
105.
The Egyptian administrative system supported ....: the centralized absolutism of the Pharaoh.
106.
The Egyptian government practiced what type of religion?: Theocratic [theo means god]. Refers to a government ruled by priests or some function by god.
107.
The epic poems ILLIAD and ODYSSEY: a. reveal the circumstances of early Greek life
b. Reflect a society in which the warrior-aristocratic was dominant
c. existed a oral traditions before being written down AND
d. are less than reliable historical documents
108.
The Fall of Athens came about by the following events - #2 [results of war]: 2. Results of the Paloponnesian War was a disunion of city states-- it weakened all of them. Now its every man for themselves.
a. Greece was invaded by Philip of Macedon [who was
tough, physically strong and liked ladies.]
b. Alexander grew up with Philip & by age 18, was going
to war w/ Athens at Cornith.
c. All of the city-states pledged to support & help out
against Phillip in the war against Persia. Phillip did not
invade because he was killed.
d. Alexander takes over. The city state of Thebes did not
participate.
109.
The Fall of Athens came about by the following events:: 1. The Greeks formed the Delian League and it was lead with Athens.
a. People joined Athens in this league for protection
Persia as a city-state.
b. If any state tried to leave the league, Athens would
attack.
c. The war was called the Paloponnesian War.
d. Athens lost the war
110.
THE FERTILE CRESCENT:: The arc of argiculturally productive land where civilization first took root.
111.
The Greeks directly influenced the early Romans in all these fields EXCEPT....: a. the cultivation of the olive and vine
b. the use of a phonetic alphabet
c. low and social order
d. architectural style
e. literary styles and subject matter
THE ANS. IS: ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
112.
The Heart of Egypt's civilization was....: its monarchy.
113.
The Jewish monastic group called Essenes: wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls
114.
The Neolithic Era - "Revolution": As one of the Stone Ages, the Neolithic Era is associated the erergence of a particular kind of store implement. New Stone Age. New Stone Age in which people learned to polish stones to make tools like saws and drills; how to make fire (previously fire was started by lightening).
The Neolithic period was based on the establishment of sedentary agriculture and domestication of animals around 10,000 BCE. The first of these civilizations developed in the Middle East and from there, spread to India, Europe and East Asia. The increase of food supply increased population. Jericho in modern day Israel was one of the first Neolithic villages. In these villages, a specialization of labor developed since everyone was not needed to grow food. As the pursuit of individual professions created its own wealth, it also created classes within society. With the move away from agriculture, women suffered as men relegated them to the home.
115.
The Paleolithic Era [Old Stone Age]: Old stone age, 2.4 million BCE to 50,000BCE, primitive tools and weapons, knowledge of fire, spoken language, burial of the dead(plain), nomadic travel, follow food source.
116.
The philosopher Pythagoras said that the universe is best understood through the study of ...: math and music
117.
The Roman senator Cato: said Carthage must be destroyed
118.
The strength of a "polis" quite literally depended on the...: strength of its men
119.
The Sun assumes what rank of the dominant element?: Brilliant light, heat, giver of life (ripens crops)
120.
The Sun Cult developed at ...: Heliopolis [Helio is Greek for sun] and spread through Egypt.
121.
The Sun was regarded as...: a god and worshipped. More than that the Sun was archetypical god of all gods (the basis of them) - CHIEF GOD.
122.
THE SUN:: Plays vital role in 'nature' religion
123.
The term "imperium" referred to the...: right of a Roman offical to command.
124.
Three ways of interpreting history are:: Cyclical, Progress and Revolution
125.
Tyranny in the Greek "polis" arose as...: Poverty and hunger drove populations to desperate covenants.
126.
VERTICAL CLIMATE (Ancient Egypt): Winds blow from East to West and they collect moisture. Then, it hits the Costal link and runs into the mountains. Africans love the Monsoons.
127.
Virgil's "Aeneid": Romanticized rural life
128.
Was Pharaoh an earthly king and also a god?: yes.
129.
Was the Sun regarded as creator of the universe?: Yes.
130.
Western Europe (Europeans) divided time by using the ...: Time Continuum
131.
What are NORMS?: Rules
132.
What are the 4 Bonds that United the Greeks?: 1. Language & Literature (Homer)
2. Religion
3. Olympic Games
4. Fear of Persia
133.
What are the 5 categories of a Time Continuum?: 1. Recorded - Everything that took place that happened was recorded.
2. Survives - Was not important unless it survived.
3. Discovered -
4. Translated - Scholars translated
5. Interpreted - [In a language we can understand. It's worth something once it is interpreted.
134.
What are the three problems created by the dam and still with Egypt today?: 1. they had to buy fertilizers
2. Fish died because of the lack of fresh water)
3. Schistosomiasis or Bilharzia [created by a snail-like bug] disease. [If you go into the water and wash where any opening area of your body is exposed, these tiny microscopic bugs get in your body. They make huge bruises on the body. The only ways to rid oneself from this disease is to either expose the areas to smoke or take some special pill that costs $15.
135.
What are the two kinds of Norms.: 1. Folkways
2. Mores
136.
What city in Greece did the first Olympic Games take place?: Olympia
137.
What does a Monsoon do?: Monsoons bring water, hits land. It rains because it condenses into rain. Then the rain freezes as it goes over the mountain. Then it comes across the other side as dry or grassland.
138.
What does AD mean?: in the year of our LORD [ana Dominie].
139.
What does Sahara mean in Arabic?: Desert.
140.
What is a Monsoon?: Winds.
141.
What is a Time Continuum?: A line that goes on through all of man's time.
142.
What is History?: History is a Stream.
143.
What is identified by the person who wears this special hat [with one side red and one side white]?: He who wears this hat is the Boss.
144.
What is Papyrus?: Papyrus is an ink-like material that is made from reeds growing on the banks of the Nile River. An ancient pharmacy record which contains more than 700 drugs in more than 800 prescriptions
145.
What was Pharaoh's Task?: To preserve "ma'at" [meaning justice, truth].
146.
What was the cause of the building of a strong navy in Athens?: Discovery of silver that was used to build a navy.
147.
What was the first book called?: The first book was called a Codex.
148.
Which group wanted to see how far they could go in explaining the world in purely human terms?: the Greeks.
149.
Who is called the "father of history"?: Herodotus
150.
Who said "Egypt is the gift of the Nile" ?: HERODOTUS.
151.
Who was Champollion? Rosetta Stone: 
A French scholar who was a Lutenant in Napolean's army around 1812. His avocation was a kind of archaeology. He heard about a stone called Rosetta Stone. The stone that inspired the translation of hieroglyphics by Jean Francois Champollion. The original is in the British Museum. A huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing.
152.
Why Egypt did not need a code of law?: Because Pharaoh's authority was so wide spread, Egypt did not develop a code of law. Pharaoh's will was all the law Egypt needed.
153.
Will Durant - History is a Stream: Created by Will Durant. He was the historian who created along with his wife Ariel wrote a series of books on history. The book they wrote was "The Story of Mannkind". There were 13 to 14 Volumes. A professor who was 25 yrs. in Indiana when he met a 15 yr. old student named Ariel. There were married when he was 29 and she was 19. United States historian (1885-1981)
154.
Without the winds (Africa): Africa would be like the desert.
155.
Writing - by 2000 BC, a faster cursive script [demotic]....: By 2000 BC, cursive writing appeared. It has been called DEMOTIC SCRIPT and was developed for ordinary documents. The word demotic came from the Greek
156.
Writing - HIEROGLYPHS:: This is a sacred writing. Where part of this must have writing first appeared around 3000 BC. A fully developed script evolved in Ancient Egypt. Based on pictograph [little pictures for i love u]. They used brushes on an ink-like materal - papyrus. Papyrus is made from reeds growing on the banks of the Nile.
157.
WRITING: Civilization must have writing!: Modern society - you write when you have something to write about. We stimulate development a writing using the equipment we got developing data. For ancient peple, writing was arcane [wizzards]. The arcane Mystery of writing was that the mysteric markings made by scribes. People found it facinating. Modern people tend to trust whatever is in print or on the internet. The wire script means of Connotes -- still means something holy and can't be challenged.
158.
ZIGGURATS: 
Pyramid temples used for worshiping. No human sacrifices. Huge towers built by the sumerians that were the used to worship and were center of village life and economy
