Chapter Six- South and Southeast Asia (Before 1200)
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Created by:
krystingutierrez on November 19, 2011
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vocabulary from chapter six.
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 trefoils | a cloverlike ornament or symbol with stylized leaves in groups of three |
| boss | a circular knobb |
| yoga | a method for controlling the body and relaxing the mind used in later indian religions to yoke, or unite, the practitioner to the divine |
| sanskrit | an ancient Indic language of India, in which the hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern indian languages are derived |
| vedas | sanscrit, "knowledge" (sing. = one of) four second millenium bce south asian compilations of religious learning |
| upanishads | south asian religious texts of ca. 800-500 bce that introduced the concepts of samsara, karma, and moksha |
| samsara | in hindu belief, the rebirth of soul into a succession of lives |
| karma | in vedic religions, the ethical consequences of a person's life, which determine his or her fate |
| moksha/nirvana | in buddhism and hinduism- a blissful state brought about by absorpton of the individual soul or consciousness into the supreme spirit |
| asceticism | self-discipline and self-denial |
| chakra | the buddha's wheel, set in motion at sarnath |
| dharma | in buddhism, moral law based on the buddha's teaching |
| bodhisattvas | in buddhist thought- a potential buddha who chooses not to achieve enlightenment in order to help save humanity |
| urna | a whorl of hair, represented as a dot, between the brows; one of the lakshanas of the buddha |
| ushnisha | a knot of hair on the top of the head; on eof the lakshanas of th buddha |
| mudras | in buddhist and hindu ionography- a stylized and symbolic hand gesture |
| parinirvana | image of the reclining buddha, a position often interpreted as representing his death |
| chakravartin | in south asia, the ideal king, the universal lord who ruled through goodness |
| viharas | buddhist monasteries, often cut into a hill |
| stupas | a large, mound-shaped buddhist shrine |
| chaitya halls | south-asian rock-cut temple halls with a votive stupa at one end |
| reliquaries | containers for holding relics |
| circumambulation | in buddhist worship, walking around the stupa in a clockwise direction, a process intended to bring the worshiper into harmony with the cosmos |
| mandalas | sanskrit term for the sacred diagram of the universe; japanese, mandara. |
| toranas | gateway in the stone fence around a stupa, located at the cardinal points of the compass |
| harmika | in buddhist architecture- a stone fence or railing that encloses an area surmounting the dome of a stupa that represnts one of the budhist heavens; from the center arises the yasti |
| yasti | in buddhist architecture- the mast or pole that arises from the dome of the stupa and its harmika and symbolizes the axis of the universe; it is adorned with a series of chatras (stone disks) |
| chatras | stone disks |
| jatakas (sutra) | tales of the past lives of the buddha (an account of a sermon by or a dialogue involving the buddha. a scriptural account of the buddha) |
| yakshis (yakshas) | lesser local male (female) buddhist and hindu divinities. yakshi-female- associated with fertility and vegetation yaksha-male- represented as fleshy but powerfull males |
| ambulatory | (in buddhist architecture) the passageway leading around the stupa in a chaitya hall |
| mithunas | in south asian art, a male-female couple embracing or engaged in sexual intercourse |
| rathas | small, freestanding hindu temple carved from a huge boulder |
| garbha griha | hindu, "womb chamber" in hindu temples, the cella, the holy inner sanctum, for the cult image or symbol |
| shikhara | the beehive-shaped tower of a northern-style hindu temple |
| amalaka | in hindu temple design, the large flat disk with ribbed edges surmounting the beehive-shaped tower |
| mandapas | pillared hall of a hindu temple |
| vimanas | a pyramidal tower over the garbha griha of a hindu temple o the southern or dravida, style |
| wats | buddhist monasteries in cambodia |
| shiva (hindu gods and goddesses) | active role = creative force depicted as lingham as an abstract reference to his creative and reproductive abilities destructive force in his fierce aspect depicted with piles of hair (think dreds) on head, and a 3rd eye on his forehead, & a trident |
| nandi (hindu gods and goddesses) | bull belonging to shiva gate keeper of shiva and parvati |
| vishnu (hindu gods and goddesses) | preserver of the universe many forms: boar, fish, tortoise, lion, & krishna could be on a flating serpent (cosmic waters) appears to restore the balance in the world married to lakshmi |
| krishna (hindu gods and goddesses) | the "cowherd of brindabad"- blue skin and symbolic of (universal) love/earthly diety very popular, female companion = radha |
| devi (hindu gods and goddesses) | serves as yoni or feminine creative force multiple aspects (parvati, uma, durga, and kali[-the destructive aspect with necklace of skulls, goddess of death]) |
| parvati (hindu gods and goddesses) | consort of shiva aspect of devi |
| uma (hindu gods and goddesses) | divine aspect of devi the "great mother" |
| lakshmi (hindu gods and goddesses) | wife of vishnu |
| radha (hindu gods and goddesses) | female companion of krishna |
| durga (hindu gods and goddesses) | active aspect of devi warrioress, rides a tiger or lion |
| ganesha (hindu gods and goddesses) | "remover of obstacles"- the son of parvati and shiva head of an elephant hugely popular among modern hindu as a god of good luck and prosperity pot belly shows prosperity and good health, a protector |
| brahma (hindu gods and goddesses) | all dieties are seen as an aspect of brahma "world soul" and creator depicted w/ 4 heads and faces, all knowing creator yet born of vishnu (restorer of universal order) |
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