PCOM Anatomy 1: Set II for Quiz 2 - Bones & Joints
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Created by:
plecke Plus on November 20, 2011
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the weight bearing structure in compact bone? | Lamella |
| What is the structure of the lamella? | Concentric rings mainly composed of collagen |
| What connects the blood and nerve supply in the periosteum to the Haversian canal? | Volkmann's canals |
| Where are the osteocytes contained? | Lacunae |
| What connects the lacunae? | canaliculi |
| What is the main microscopic structural element of spongy bone? | Trabeculae - "little beams" |
| What is the structural function of trabeculae? | They align themselves against lines of stress to resist stress |
| What are the four organic components of bone? | osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and osteoid |
| What is the unmineralized bone matrix called? | osteoid |
| What are the inorganic components of bone? | mineral salts, mainly calcium phosphates |
| What is the main function of the inorganic components of bone? | hardness and resistance to compression |
| What are the two types of bone marrow? | red marrow (hematopoeitic) and yellow marrow |
| Where is red marrow found? | Between the trabeculae of spongy bone |
| Where is yellow marrow found? | In the medullary canal of long bone |
| What is the inner layer of the periosteum? | the osteogenic layer |
| What are nutrient foramina? | The path by which the periosteum is supplied with nerve fibers, blood and lymph vessels |
| What is the outer layer of the periosteum? | a fibrous layer of dense connective tissue |
| What are the four classifications of bone shape? | flat, long, short, irregular |
| Describe flat bones | thin, flattened and a bit curved |
| Describe long bones | longer than they are wide |
| Describe short bones | cube shaped; bones that form between tendons |
| Describe irregular bones | bones with complicated shapes |
| What is the blood supply of long bones? | diaphyseal nutrient artery; metaphyseal and epiphysial arteries; periosteal arteries |
| What is the blood supply of irregular, short, and flat bones? | periosteal arteries and nutrient arteries feeding the medullary bone |
| What is bone homeostasis? | The process by which Ca is stored and removed for use from bones |
| What is the hormonal mechanism for the storage of Ca? | When Ca increases in the blood, the thyroid produces calcitonin to stimulate calcium salt deposits |
| What is the hormonal mechanism for the resorption of Ca? | When Ca falls in the blood, the parathyroid produces PTH which signals the osteoclasts to breakdown the bone matrix, releasing CA into the blood |
| Where is red marrow found? | in the diploe of flat bones and the head of the femur and humerus in adults |
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