Romaine IB Bio 5
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Created by:
jamaican_man on November 20, 2011
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Cellular respiration
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cellular respiration | most efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP in which oxygen is consumed |
| ATP | Adenosine TriPhosphate, the energy currency of the cell... Energy is stored in its bonds |
| ADP | The molcule that is formed when the bond between one of the phosphates of ATP is broken |
| glycolysis | starting point for metabloic pathways; process of breaking down Gylcose into two pyruvates |
| substrate level phosphorylation | Forms ATP by adding a phosphate group onto ADP |
| NADH | an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration, gives up electrons to the electron transport chain |
| pyruvate | The three-carbon end product of glycolysis |
| link reaction | active transport that gets the pyruvates into the mitochondria and changes the pyruvates into acetyl that then combines to Coenzyme A which then takes the acetyl to the kreb cycle |
| bridge reactions | another name for the link reaction |
| decarboxylation | The removal of one carbon and two oxygen to form CO2 |
| Krebs cycle | Second major stage of Cellular respiration; pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions |
| citric acid cycle | another name for the Kreb Cycle |
| redox reactions | A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction. |
| proton-motive force | The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis. |
| aerobic | process that requires oxygen |
| chemiosmosis | An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP |
| electron transport chain | A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP. |
| ATP synthase | large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP |
| oxidative phosphorylation | The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain. |
| cristae | Inner foldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP. |
| matrix | The interior of a mitochondrion; The site of the Krebs cycle. |
| fermentation | A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain while producing a waste product, such as lactic acid |
| alcohol fermentation | The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol |
| lactic acid fermentation | The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide. |
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