| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Selma March | Protest march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama for voting rights that turned violent on the Edmund Pettis bridge |
| SNCC | Student group that formed to protest segregated lunch counters and pushed for voting rights |
| Huey P. Newton | Co-Founder of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense |
| Watts Riots | Outbreak of violence in the Los Angeles area that was a symptom of segregation, discrimination and neglect in the inner city |
| Kerner Commission Report | Congressional investigation into the riots in the cities that blamed whtie racism, segregation and many economic factors as the causes. |
| Marcus Garvey | 1920s Black Nationalist that inspired the Black Power Movement of the 60s |
| Hough Riots | Violence in the ghetto of Cleveland that was a result of years of neglect, discrimination and economic poverty |
| Black Power | The belief that blacks should fight back if attacked. it urged blacks to achieve economic independence by starting and supporting their own business. |
| Malcolm X | Leading minister of the Nation of Islam until 1964, then he organized the Muslim Mosque, Inc; he fought for black nationalism |
| Nation of Islam | A group of militant Black Americans who profess Islamic religious beliefs and advocate independence for Black Americans |
| Cesar Chavez | Organized Union Farm Workers (UFW); help migratory farm workers gain better pay & working conditions |
| American Indian Movement | Led by Dennis Banks and Russell Means; purpose was to obtain equal rights for Native Americans; protested at the site of the Wounded Knee massacre |
| Dawes Act | An attempt to speed the assimilation of Native Americans into us society; proposed to break up tribal communities and redistribute land to individual indians |
| barrios | Mexican immigrants settled in seperate communities |
| Leonard Peltier | AIM member who was accused of shooting the agents |
| SDS | A radical student group who organized the first anti-war protest in Washington DC: Students for Democratic Society. |
| Counterculture | Young Americans in 60s who rejected conventional customs & mainstream culture |
| Port Huron Statement | Manifesto of the Students for a Democratic Society, which criticized the federal government for racial inequality, poverty, and also the Cold War and international peace. |
| Haight-Ashbury | District in San Francisco where many people in the counterculture movement lived |
| Democratic National Convention 1968 | Violent protests occurred here mainly against the Vietnam War |
| Gloria Steinem | Started Ms. Magazine with several other women, devoted to feminist issues |
| Peyton Place | Book written by a woman in the 50s that exposed abuse, alcoholism and other unpleasant parts of suburban life |
| Shirley Chisholm | First African-American Congresswoman, first woman to run for major party president candidacy |
| Equal Pay Act | Made it illegal for employers to pay female workers less than men for the same job |
| Betty Friedan | Feminist who founded a National Organization for Women |
| Ho Chi Minh | Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and the US until 1973 |
| Geneva Accords | Agreement that divided Vietnam into North and South |
| USS Maddox | US battleship that was allegedly fired upon by the North Vietnamese in the Gulf of Tonkin |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | A resolution passed by Congress to approve President Johnson's decision to use military force to prevent further Communist aggression in South Vietnam. |
| Ngo Dinh Diem | South Vietnamese leader, supported by U.S. who will eventually be assassinated |
| Bay of Pigs | Area on Cuba's south coast where an American-organized invasion by Cuban exiles was defeated by Fidel Castro's government forces |
| Nikita Khrushchev | Leader of the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis |
| Operation Mongoose | US effort to destroy Castro from within Cuba and through military invasion; restricted after Missile Crisis |
| La Bridgada | Group of Cuban exiles trained by the US to invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigs |
| Fidel Castro | Communist dictator of Cuba during the Missile Crisis |
| New Frontier | Kennedy's proposals to improve the economy, assist the poor, and speed up the space program |
| The Other America | Novel by Harrington alerting mainstream America about the poverty in run-down areas |
| Great Society | 1964, LBJ's policies of fighting poverty and racial injustice |
| Immigration Act of 1965 | Abandoned national quotas system favoring Northern Europeans, opening door to largest surge of immigration since 1900s |
| Medicare | Health insurance provided by the federal goverment for aged or disabled people |
| Yuri Gagarin | Soviet cosmonaut who in 1961 was the first person to travel in space |
| Sputnik | World's first satellite launched by USSR in October, 1957 |
| NASA | US government agency in charge of the space program: National Aeronautic and Space Administration |
| Apollo Program | American effort to land astronauts on the moon |
| John Glenn | First U.S. Astronaut to orbit the Earth |
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