cell bio: chemistry ch2
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Created by:
annelissetovar10 on November 20, 2011
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12 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ion | a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative) |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| covalent bond | a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule |
| hydrogen bond | weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms |
| condensation reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds |
| carboxyl group | A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. |
| hydrophobic force | Negative non-covalent force; hydrophobic side chains in aqueous solution induces formation of structured water |
| polar covalent bond | A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. |
| amino group | A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1. |
| hydroxyl group | A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols. |
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