Ap chem Chap 3
Order by
40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 atomic weight | the weigh in grams of 1 mole of atoms. |
| atomic weight | often called atomic mass |
| mole | 6.022 x 10^23 objects. |
| mole | Avogadro's number |
| C-12 scale | a method of determining the atomic weights of elements by comparing the weight of an element to the weigh of carbon-12 |
| mass spectrometer | an instrument that determines the atomic weight of an atom by measuring the size of the deflection ionized atoms have as they pass through a magnetic field |
| ionized atom | an atom that has had electrons removed |
| indirect proportion | as one variable increases in size the other variable decreases in size. |
| direct proportion | as one variable increases in size the other variable increases in size |
| abundance | the percentage of all atoms of an element that consists of 1 isotope |
| molecular weight | the weigh in grams of 1 mole of molecules |
| percent composition | the mass percent of a molecule that is composed of 1 element |
| hydrate | a molecule to which water molecules have attached |
| empirical formula | a chemical formula of a molecule in which the subscripts are written in the lowest whole number ratio possible |
| molecular formula | a chemical formula of a molecule in which the subscripts indicate the actual number of atoms in the molecule |
| chemical reaction | occurs when the chemical bonds in some molecules are broken, the atoms in the molecule rearrange, and new chemical bonds form between the atoms creating new molecules |
| reactants | the molecules that are present before a chemical reaction occurs |
| products | the molecules that are present after a chemical reaction has finished |
| collision Theory of Chemical Reactions | during a chemical reaction, reactant molecules form product molecules only after reactant molecules collide with each other and at that moment of collision the reactant molecules are in perfect alignment with each other. |
| reaction rate | the speed at which reactant molecules change to product molecules during a chemical reaction |
| balanced chemical equation | an equation that indicates the number of reactant molecules and the number of product molecules involved in a chemical reaction. The total number of atoms in the reactants must always equal the total number of atoms in the products. |
| stoichiometry | a method of calculating the amounts of reactants used and the amounts of products produced during a chemical reaction. Uses the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation |
| mole ratio | ration created by studying the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation |
| haber process | chemical reaction devised to produce ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas |
| limiting reactant | the reactant that is completely used consumed during a chemical reaction. stioch calculations should be based on this reactant |
| theoretical yield | amount of product that should be produced based on the stioch of a chemical reaction |
| experimental yield | the actual amount of product that is produced in the lab during an experiment |
| percent yield | the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield x 100. |
| forward reaction | reactant molecules collide with each other to form product molecules |
| reverse reaction | product molecules collide with each other to from reactant molecules |
| equilibrium | a balanace that results when 2 opposing process occur at the same speed with a reaction that is at equilibrium, the forward reaction occurs at the same speed as the reverse reaction |
| tilted to the right | a reaction at equilibrium in which the amount of products are great than the amount of reactants |
| tilted to the right | Products > Reactants |
| tilted to the left | a reaction at equilibrium in which the amount of reactants are great than the amount of products |
| equilibrium constant | a constant whose size indicates the direction of tilt at equilibrium |
| LeChatelier's Principle | when a stress is applied to a reaction that is at equilibrium, changes will occur to the speed of the forward or reverse reaction to return the reaction to a new state of equilibrium |
| stress | any change to a reaction that is at equilibrium that disrupts the equilibrium. |
| stress | type of ____ are concentration, pressure, volume, and temperature |
| shift to the right | altering an equilibrium so that the forward reaction speeds up or the reverse reaction slows down. the amount of products will increase and the amount of reactants will decrease |
| shift to the left | altering an equilibrium so that the forward reaction slows down and the reverse reaction speeds up. the amount of products will decrease and the amount of reactants will increase |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.