| Term | Definition |
|---|
| how are detrital(clastic) rocks classified | they are composed of solid sediments, they are transported and disposed by water, ice and gravity |
| what happens during transportation | rounding, and sorting |
| rounding | abrasion |
| sorting | seperation of sizes. after deposition, litification or diagenesis occurs. thats where loose sediments are buried, which leds to compaction and cementation |
| compaction | decrease in pore space |
| cementation | it can be put together by carbonic acid, silicates and iron oxide |
| how are sediments classified | by particle size |
| how do chemical sedimenatary rocks form? | minerals present in ions (dissolved) in water precipatates or becomes solid. they can form by inorganic or by organic processes |
| limestone | the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock |
| how is limestone made? | organisms secrete CaCO3 producing limestone, can also come from carbonate reefs |
| what is chalk? | a type of limestone composed of hard parts of microscopic marine organisms |
| what is chert? | composed of quartz, and occurs in layered deposits called bedded chert, which are formed by water dwelling organisms or alteration of lava and volcanic ash. they can also occur spherical masses which are also called nodules, secondary or replacement chert that forms when silica dissolves, migrates and replaces older minerals |
| what is an evaportate? | a group of chemical sedimentary rocks that are comprised of several different minerals. it forms when water changes it phase from liquid to gas resulting in the precipitation of ions |
| what is coal? | and organic sedimentary rock formed whe plant minerals is buried and altered over time. the types and stages of formation of this rock, originated in a swamp environment |
| how do salt flats form? | when shallow seas/lakes in relatively enclosed basins evaporate, layers of evaporite rocks are left behind |
| fissility | splits into parallel layers |
| what are some sedimentary structures? | bedding, cross bedding, graded bedding, mud cracks, ripple marks and fossils |
| cross bedding | water or wind deposition on an angle |
| graded bedding | sediments are deposited by turbidity current. big sediments at bottom and small at top |
| ripple marks | symmetrical from waves, assymetrical from currents |
| what are the three major types of sedimentary environments? | continental terrestrial, transitional, and marine |
| continental terrestrial | (stream, floodplain, dunes, alluvial fan, lake) shale and very fine clay and silt deposits |
| transitional | (beaches,delta, barrier sandstone) visible grains can be found here like quartz sandstone, arkose ss and graywacke ss |
| marine | (offshore to deep ocean, ocean floor, deep sea fans and stratigraphic columns) * turbidity currents, chalk is a turbidite |
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