Exam II: Architectural History
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Created by:
fenderbaby47 on November 21, 2011
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Description:
Greece, Romans, Etruscans
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 She Wolf | An etruscan sculpture of a wolf, adopted by the Romans as the Capitaline Wolf |
| Mausoleum | A structure for internment or burial, built underground by the Etruscans |
| Sarcophagus | a sealed burial container for the human body |
| Bones box | a smaller container meant only for the disassembled bones |
| Full Figure | a container meant for an entire intact human form |
| Town Planning | Method of laying out towns at the crossing of two roads with the public buildings at the center of a grid pattern. Taught by the Etruscans to the Romans |
| Drainage System | Sewers built below ground to provide drainage, taught by Etruscans to Romans |
| Keystone | a heavy wedge shaped stone at the top of a compression arch, holds the other stones in place |
| Voussoir | a wedged stone used in the sides of a compression arch to form its curve |
| Barrel Vault | a tall arched ceiling running in one direction, can be described as a series of compression arches |
| Groin Vault | the intersection of two barrel vaults |
| Dome | a compression arch spun in a circle to form an enclosed round structure |
| Exedra | a semi circular space covered by a partial dome set into a buildings facade |
| Basilica | a large roofed hall used by the early Romans as a public building, its plan would become the basis for most Christian Churches |
| Nave | Central aisle of a basilica or church |
| Side Aisle | aisles running parallel to, but separated from the nave by a colonnade |
| Clerestory | Windows high up in a structure |
| Transept | an area in a basilica or church set crosswise to the nave |
| Apse | a recessed area separated from the nave by the transept, often had a vaulted or semi-dome ceiling. Was used as a sanctuary in later churches |
| Sanctuary | Sacred place in a temple, in Roman and Christian temples it was usually located in the apse. |
| Axial Plan | building plan set about a single axis, causing the building to be experienced in successive parts |
| Atrium | a large open space within a building |
| Coffered ceiling | practice of creating sunken panels into a surface often repeated to cover a ceiling |
| Oculus | Latin for "eye" refers to a round opening or window in a building, specifically the whole at the top of the Pantheon |
| Forum | An open public space at the center of a Roman Town |
| Villa | An upper class country house for Roman Citizens |
| Aqueduct | Roman engineering structures that carried water from its source in mountains to the towns using hydrostatic pressure |
| Ampitheater | Central Areas for performance surrounded by ascending seating. Built into hillsides by the Greeks, built up mulitple stories by the Romans |
| Impluvium | An atrium in a house with a sloped roof meant for catching and storing rain water |
| Peristyle | An open colonnaded porch surrounding a roofless court that often contained an interior garden |
| Concrete | a building material with great compressive strength that can be shaped into almost any form. Made up primarily of cement, gravel, sand and water |
| Opus Cementum | Roman concrete made up of Lime, Volcanic ash, aggregate (usually rubble) and water |
| Polytheistic | Believing in more than one God |
| Monotheistic | Belief that there exists only one God |
| Verism | Idea of truth in form that applied to Roman art and sculpture |
| Pontiff | Latin for "bridge builder" became a title for Roman priests and later the title of the Pope of the Christian Church |
| Vesuvius | Volcano that erupted in 79 A.D. and covered Pompeii in ash |
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