| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Sensations | action potentials that reach the brain via sensory neurons |
| Perception | result of brain interpretation of sensation |
| Sensory Reception | detection of a stimulus by sensory cells |
| Sensory Receptors | sensory cells |
| Exteroreceptors | sensory cells that detect external stimuli |
| Interoreceptors | sensory cells that detect internal stimuli |
| Hair cell | cell that detects motion |
| Sensory Transduction | changing a stimulus to a receptor potential |
| Receptor Potential | change in the membrane potential |
| Amplification | strengthening of a stimulus |
| Sensory Adaptation | lowered reaction to ongoing, sustained stimuli |
| Transmission | transportation of action potentials to the CNS for integration |
| Integration | interpreting the action potential and returns the perception |
| Mechanoreceptors | sense physical deformation |
| Muscle spindles | caused by stretching, these depolarize attach neurons causing the same process as sensing neurons |
| Chemoreceptors | detect solute concentration and or presence of specific contents of a solution |
| Electromagnetic receptors | detect all electromagnetic energy (visible light, electricity, and magnetism) |
| Photoreceptors | electromagnetic receptors used for sensing visible light |
| Thermoreceptors | detect heat or cold |
| Pain receptors (nociceptors) | detect pain |
| Statoliths | grains of sand or dense granules that determine gravity in invertebrates |
| Outer ear | region of the ear that consists of the external pinna and the auditory canal |
| Middle Ear | region of the ear that consists of the stapes, malleus, incus, oval window and Eustachian tube |
| Inner Ear | region of the ear that consists of the semicircular canals and cochlea |
| Cochlea | complex, coiled organ of hearing that contains the organ of Corti |
| Vestibular canal | first region of where the fluid of cochlea flows through (upper) |
| Tympanic canal | second region of where the fluid of cochlea flows through (lower) |
| Organ of Corti | actual hearing organ of the vertebrate ear, located in the floor of the cochlear canal in the inner ear; contains the receptor cells (hair cells) of the ear |
| Round Window | exit point of the cochlea |
| Oval Window | Point of contact between the stapes and the beginning of the cochlea |
| Pitch | function of a sound wave's frequency (number of vibrations per second) |
| Lateral line system | mechanoreceptor system along the sides of fishes and aquatic animals used to detect water movements |
| Gustation | taste |
| Olfaction | smell |
| semicircular canals | three organs arranged in different planes used to perceive balance |
| ampulla | the swelling base of the semicircular canal |
| cupula | gelatinous cap in the ampulla that bends with the flow of endolymph in the semicircular canal |
| endolymph | fluid of the semicircular canal |
| perilymph | fluid of the cochlea |
| utricle | chamber behind the oval window that opens up to the semicircular canals |
| compound eyes | consist of up to several thousand light detectors called ommatidia |
| single-lens eyes | type of eye that works on a camera-like principle with a pupil |
| sclera | outer layer of the connective tissue of the vertebrate eye |
| choroid | thin, pigmented inner layer of the vertebrate eye |
| conjuctiva | mucous membrane that helps keep the eye moist |
| cornea | transparent frontal portion of the sclera that allows light to pass through into the vertebrate eye |
| iris | colored part of eye that regulates the amount of light entering the pupil |
| pupil | hole in the center of the iris |
| retina | innermost layer of the eyeball (contains the photoreceptos) |
| lens | structure in the eye that focuses light rays onto the retina |
| cilary body | portion of the vertebrate eye associated with the lens; produces clear, aqueous humor that lubricates the front part of the eye |
| aqueous humor | liquid between the lens and the cornea |
| vitreous humor | jellylike material that fills the posterior cavity of the vertebrate eye |
| accommodation | adjustment of the eye to focus on near objects |
| cones | photoreceptors used to detect color |
| rods | photoreceptors sensitive to black and night and enables night vision |
| fovea | center of the visual field |
Combine with other sets
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