Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis
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Created by:
jeanthebean on November 21, 2011
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes, it consists of a cell-growth period in which DNA is synthesized and a cell-division period in which mitosis takes place |
| interphase | part of the cell cycle which consists of the perios between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes protein |
| mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| centromere | the region of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis |
| centrioles | cell structures found in animal cells that help initiate the development of the spindle for mitosis |
| spindle | a network of microtubules which appears during mitosis; it helps guide the chromotids to the ends of the cell |
| chromosomes | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA; any chromosome that is not a sex cell |
| chromatid | one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis and mitosis |
| haploid | describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes (n) |
| diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes (2n) |
| gamete | a haploid reproductive sex cell (contains half of the set) |
| gene | a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait |
| cancer | a tumor in which the cells begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate and become invasive |
| meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes thus a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent; examples: binary fission, budding and vegetative reproduction |
| homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure and that pair during meiosis |
| crossing over | the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination |
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