Chapter 2 earth, moon and sun
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 axis of rotation | earth rotates around an imaginary line running through it's center |
| revolution | is the motion of one object around another |
| seasons | patterns of temperature changes and other weather trends over the course of a year |
| equinox | -sunlight shines equally on the northern and southern hemisphere ( fall/sept or spring/march) -temperature change due to the amount of sunlight at each location -near the equator - temperatures are almost the same all year round -near the poles - very large temperatures changes from winter to summer |
| solstice | the area of sunlight is at a maximum in one hemisphere and a minimum in the other hemisphere -sunlight shines brighter in the north ( summer/june) brighter in the south (winter/december) |
| mare (plural: maria) | a dark area on the moon and is a large impact crater that is filled with lava |
| eclipse | occurs when a shadow makes the sun or the moon seem to grow dark |
| umbra | is the darkest part |
| penumbra | a lighter shadow |
| 2 types of eclipse | 1) Lunar eclipse - moon gets dark when the earth's shadow falls on the moon 2) Solar eclipse - sun seems to darken because the moon's shadow fall onto part of earth |
| 3 layers of the moon | 1) Crust - outer layer 2) Mantle - middle layer of dense rock and makes up most of the volume in the moon 3) Core - inner layer |
| parts of the moon | highlands - light colored parts are rocky, covered with craters and higher altitudes than the dark spots. Maria - dark spots smooth flat plains at low altitudes. Maria are huge impact craters that filled with lava and then cooled. |
| high tides | when water level rises for 6 hours |
| low tides | when average water level drops slowly for 6 hours |
| effects on tides | it takes 24 hours for a complete pattern to take place- a complete pattern consists of two tides and two low tides 6 *4 = 24 |
| What causes day and night | earth rotates on a tilted axis and orbits the sun causing a person on earth to always see the same side of the moon -The earth spinning around on it's axis causes day and night |
| What causes seasons | earth's rotation on a tilted axis and orbit around the sun cause seasons or yearly patterns of temperature changes and other weather trends |
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