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bureaucrat a career government employee bureaucracy professional corps of officials organized in a pyramidal hierarchy and functioning under impersonal uniform rules and procedures department usually the largest organization in the government. The highest rank in federal hierarchy independent agency a government entity that is independent of the legislative executive and judicial branches independent regulatory commission a governmental agency or commission with regulatory power whose independence is protected by congress government corporations a government agency that operase like a business corporation created to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for a particular program senior executive service mobile corpos of senior career executives who work closely with presidential appointeees to manage government. started in congress in 1978 spoils system a system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends merit system system of public employment in which selection and promotion depend on demonstrated performance rather than political patronage office of personnel management agency that administers civil service laws rules and regulations hatch act federal statue barring federal employees from active participation in certain kinds of politics and protecting them from being fired on partisan grounds implementation process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending administrative discretion authority given by congress to the federal bureaucracy to use reasonable judgment in implementing the laws regulations the formal instructions that government issues for implementing laws rule making process the formal process for making regulations uncontrollable spending the portion of the federal budget that is spent on programs that the president and congress are unwilling to cut entitlements programs such as unemployment insurance disaster relief or disability that are provided to all eligible citizens indexing providing automatic increases to compensate for inflation oversight legislative or executive review of a particular government program or organization central clearance review of all executive branch testimony reports and draft legislation by the OPM and budget