APUSH Early Republic Terms
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 U.S. Constitution | 1787 document creating a system of fundamental laws and principles of our government |
| Federalists | those who supported ratification of the Constitution; mainly business and property interests (Hamilton, Madison, Jay) |
| Anti-Federalists | opposed ratification of the Constitution; generally had less money and less education (George Mason, Patrick Henry, George Clinton) |
| Bill of Rights | first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | established a federal court system (supreme court had 1 chief justice and 5 associate justices, 3 circuit courts of appeals, 13 district courts) |
| Report on the Public Credit | 1790; Hamilton's proposal which stated that the government would pay off $54 million debt incurred from Revolution and assume the $21 million in state debts |
| Report on the National Bank | 1790; Hamilton's proposal which created a national bank of the U.S. |
| Report on Manufactures | 1791; Hamilton's proposal that encouraged domestic industries by providing government subsidies and protected American manufacturing from foreign competition |
| Bank of the United States | created in 1790; main purposes were to keep government funds safe, help sell bonds and collect taxes, help issue stable/uniform currency, aid nation's businesses |
| Proclamation of Neutrality | 1793; Washington's official announcement of U.S. neutrality regarding the European conflict; France becomes bitter towards U.S. |
| Whiskey Rebellion | 1794; farmers in W. Pennsylvania refused to pay an excise (import) tax on whiskey and threatened the federal agents attempting to collect revenue |
| Citizen Genet Affair | after the Proclamation of Neutrality, France sent a representative to the U.S.; Washington demanded his dismissal |
| Jay's Treaty | 1795; British soldiers would leave the NW Territory and England would pay for damage of American ships |
| Pinckney's Treaty | 1796; Spain grants free use of the Mississippi and a 3-year right of deopsit in the port of New Orleans; Georgia-Florida border is set at 31 N latitude |
| Washington's Farewell Address | 1796; political statement (end bitterness of partisan politics, no 3rd term) and statement on foreign policy (do not join alliances) |
| Federalist Party | led by Alexander Hamilton; aristocratic; supported strong central government; loose interpretation of the Constitution; manufacturing; pro-British |
| Democratic Republican Party | led by Thomas Jefferson; agrarian; supported strong state governments; strict interpretation of the Constitution; agriculture; pro-French |
| XYZ Affair | 1797; 3 American envoys were sent to negotiate with French prime minister, Charles Talleyrand; Talleyrand demanded tribute for negotiation; resulted in "limited war" with France |
| Alien Act | 1798; allowed President to expel any forgeigner he thought was dangerous |
| Naturalization Act | prohibited foreigners from applying for American citizenship for 14 years |
| Sedition Act | made it a crime to speak, write, or publish any materials of a scandalous nature against our government |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutinos | written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson; promoted states' right to nullify acts |
| Revolution of 1800 | election of Thomas Jefferson as President; passage of 12th Ammendment; peaceful change in party control; voting rights extended; "Jeffersonian democracy" |
| 12th Ammendment | issued separate electoral ballots for President and Vice President |
| Louisiana Purchase | 1803; U.S. purchases Lousiana from Napolean (France) for $15 million; doubled size of U.S.; secured full control over Mississippi River |
| Lewis and Clark Expedition | 1804-1806; Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the newly acquired Louisiana territory with their guide and interpreter, Sacajewea |
| Marbury v. Madison | 1803; established Supreme Court's right to judicial review |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | 1819; established supremacy of national government over state governments |
| Dartmouth College v. Woodward | 1819; limited state power over contracts |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | 1824; clarifies Congress' power to regulate interstate commerce |
| Judicial Review | the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional |
| Barbary Coast Pirates | pirates off the coast of Africa who made a national industry of stopping merchant ships in the Mediterranean and demanding tribute |
| Burr Conspiracy Trial | Burr planned to take Mexico from Spain and establish new nation in the West; arrested, fugitive after Hamilton's death; tried for treason but acquitted |
| British Orders-In-Council | British closed ports under French control to foreign ships unless the vessels first stopped at a British port |
| Berlin and Milan Decrees | French ordered seizure of all foreign ships that entered British ports |
| Continental System | enforcement of Berlin and Milan decrees by the French government |
| Chesapeake Affair | 1807; attack on USS Chesapeake by a British warship; 3 sailors killed, 18 wounded, 4 taken away |
| Embargo Act | 1807; U.S. response to Chesapeake Affair; prohibited American ships from leaving a U.S. port for any foreign destination; considered a compromise between submission and war |
| Non-Intercourse Act | 1809; reopened U.S. trade with all nations except England and France; gave President (Madison) the authority to reopen trade with either country (or both) |
| War Hawks | members of Congress who wanted to fight Great Britain |
| Battle of Tippicanoe | 1811; William Henry Harrison defeats Native American troops |
| Battle of Lake Erie | American victory during the War of 1812; led by Oliver Hazard Perry |
| Batte of Fort McHenry | Americans defeat British navy in the Chesapeake Bay during the War of 1812; Francis Scott Key writes "Star Spangled Banner" |
| Hartford Convention | meeting during the War of 1812; New England states discussed secession because of opposition to the war; Federalist party dismantled |
| Treaty of Ghent | 1814; marked the end of the War of 1812 |
| Battle of New Orleans | 1815; decisive American victory under William Henry Harrison |
| Second Bank of the United States | chartered in 1816, much like its predecessor of 1791 but with more capital; it could not forbid state banks from issuing notes, but its size and power enabled it to compel the state banks to issue only sound notes or risk being forced out of business. |
| Era of Good Feelings | presidency of James Monroe; characterized by little political opposition and good foreign policy |
| Rush-Bagot Treaty | 1817; naval disarmament agreement calling for demilitarization of the Great Lakes |
| Florida Purchase Treaty | 1821; U.S. bought Florida from Spain for $5 million (Adams-Onis Treaty) |
| Monroe Doctrine | 1823; "cornerstone of American foreign policy in the western hemisphere"; statement of American nationalism and independence; stated that the U.S. would not get involved with European affairs; forbid European interference in the western hemisphere |
| Panic of 1819 | first national financial panic since Washington became president; revival of European trade led to competition with U.S. trade, less money in circulation (deflation) |
| Missouri Compromise | 1820; proposed by Henry Clay; Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, Maine as a free state; slavery would be prohibited north of the 36 N latitude mark |
| Transportation Revolution | growth of transportation network in the U.S.; steamboat, road-building, canal-building |
| Erie Canal | 1825; linked the Hudson River to Lake Erie; 350 miles long and costed $7 million to complete |
| Lowell System | textile factory which combined steps of processing raw cotton, spinning thread, and weaving cloth; young women hired to work in factories |
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