Human Genetics
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Created by:
ynksfan230 on November 21, 2011
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Trait | a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes |
| genetics | the study of heredity |
| cross-fertilization | process by which sperm from one flower's pollen fertilizes the eggs in a flower of a different plant |
| hybrid | an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock |
| monohybrid cross | a cross in which only one characteristic is tracked |
| allele | one of two alternate forms of a gene that can have the same locus on homologous chromosomes and are responsible for alternative traits |
| homozygous | having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci |
| heterozygous | having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci |
| dominant | observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait |
| recessive | trait that will only appear in the phenotype if organism inherits two of them; covered up by the dominant gene |
| Punnett square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| phenotype | what an organism looks like as a consequence of its genotype |
| genotype | the particular alleles at specified loci present in an organism |
| testcross | a cross between an organism whose genotype for a certain trait is unknown and an organism that is homozygous recessive for that trait so the unknown genotype can be determined from that of the offspring |
| dihybrid cross | hybridization using two traits with two alleles each |
| intermediate inheritance | inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes |
| codominance | situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism |
| polygenic inheritance | combined effect of two or more genes on a single character |
| chromosome theory of inheritance | a basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns |
| gene locus | specific location of a gene on a chromosome |
| genetic linkage | tendency for alleles of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together |
| sex-linked gene | gene located on the X or Y chromosome |
| Chi Square Analysis | a measure of the deviation from a hypothetical expectancy |
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