Ch. 11 APWH
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Created by:
Miller-Cook Plus on November 22, 2011
Classes:
5th Period, 6th period, 4th Period, 3rd period, 1st period
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Indian | Misnomer created by Columbus referring to indigenous peoples of the New World; implies social and ethnic commonality among Native Americans that did not exist; still used to apply to Native Americans |
| Toltecs | Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of the sedentary agricultural area in Mesoamerica; established a capital of Tula following migration into central Mesoamerica plateau; strongly militaristic ethic including cult of human sacrifice |
| Aztecs | The Mexica; one of the nomadic tribes that used political anarchy after fall of Toltecs to penetrate into the sedentary agricultural zone of Mesoamerican plateau; established; empire after 1325 around shores of Lake Texcoco |
| Tenochtitlan | Founded in 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica |
| Pipiltin | Nobility in Aztec society |
| Tlacaelel | Advisor to Aztec rulers from 1427 to 1480; had histories of Mexico rewritten; expanded cult of human sacrifice as effective means of political terror |
| Huitcilopochtli | Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god |
| Calpulli | seven clans in Aztec society, later expanded to more than sixty; divided into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors |
| Chinampa | - Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs |
| Pochteca | Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items |
| Inca Socialism | - A view created by Spanish authors to describe Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca Empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole |
| Twantinsuyu | Word from Incan Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina |
| Inca | Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire in Andean civilization |
| Pachacuti | Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca |
| Topac Yupanqui | Incan ruler from 1471 to 1493; expanded Incan Empire to Chimore and Ecuador |
| Huayna Capac | Incan ruler from 1493 to 1527 |
| Split Inheritance | Inca practice of descent, all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendents for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy |
| Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center locates at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Inca's |
| Curacas | name given to local rulers in office |
| Mitmaq | Inca colonists in new regions; could be Quecha-speakers; used to pacify new conquest or conquered population moved to new home |
| Tambos | Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies on move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages |
| Mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the region; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control |
| Qupiu | system of knotted strings to write |
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