| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Harold Godwinson | most powerful noble, became king of england in 1066 after death of Edward the Confessor, ruled for brief time until defeated and killed at the Battle of Hastings |
| William I | Duke of Normandy who became known for his victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 that made him king of England. kept many english laws and gov. practices. ordered Domesday Book made. |
| Henry II | great grandson of William I who became king in 1154. ruled England, Scotland, Wales, most of Ireland, and large area of France. worked to reform English courts, diagreed with Thomas Becket over Church officials tried in royal court instead of Church courts. 4 of his knights murdered Becket. |
| Richard | Eldest son of Henry II who became king in 1189. spent most of time in crusades where he earned a nickname... |
| John | Richards brother who became king in 1199. lost land held in France, raised taxes, ignored the law. made nobles angry and they forced him to sign Magna Carta. took away some of kings power, and brought gov idea that not eventhe king was above the law |
| Edward I | expanded the role of Great Council into a gathering of representatives that became known as Parliament. later divided into 2 groups, House of Lords and House of Commons. |
| Hugh Capet | Frenc noble who was chosen as the new king of France. ruled small area between Seine and Loire rivers. died in 996. was firs of line of Capetian kings who ruled France for some 300 years. |
| Louis VI | became king and increased power of monarchy, got rid of disloyal nobles and put loyal persons of lower birth in their place. stopped raids of lawless vassals and granted charters to many towns, winning loyalty of towns people. |
| Philip II | ruled from 1179 to 1223, made Paris center of government, increased size of kingdom through marriage and by winning back french lands. |
| Louis IX | brought peace to France, helped unite the French people. ordered nobles to stop feuding and forbade them to settle disputes by fighting duels. made it illegal to mint money anywhere but the royal mint. set up royal court where anyone could bring disputes. |
| Philip IV | ruled from 1285 to 1314. believed interests of state came first. went to war with flemish. believed kingdom couldnt live without taxes, formed Estates-General. |
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