Pathophysiology Test #3
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Created by:
SyliaAdrian on November 22, 2011
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 When assessing the risk for bearing a child with cystic fibrosis, one must consider that the disease is genetically inherited as: | autosomal recessive |
| A blood sample for prostate specific antigen (PSA) is obtained. PSA is a: | tumor marker for prostate cancer |
| The PSA value is abnormally elevated, and Sam is scheduled for a prostate biopsy procedure. The purpose of the biopsy is to: | obtain tumor cells for histologic examination and grading |
| The results of the biopsy indicate that Sam has "anaplastic cells". This means that: | the tumor cells are malignant |
| Next, Sam is scheduled for a staging procedure to determine the extent of disease. The oncologist notes in the chart that Sam's stage is T1 N0 M0, indicating that: | the tumor is localized within the prostate gland |
| Based on the grading and staging procedures, it is determined that Sam should be treated with surgery to relieve the problem of urinary obstruction, followed by localized irradiation of the prostate gland. Radiation of the prostate will: | kill the most rapidly dividing cells in the irradiated region |
| The BRCAI and BRCAII genes are associated with an inherited form of breast cancer accounting for about 5% of breast cancers. These genes are classified as: | tumor suppression genes |
| Anaplasia of Sandy's sample cells means: | the breast lesion contains malignant cells |
| Sandy is scheduled for surgery to remove the breast lump and evaluate the regional lymph nodes. Her cancer is categorized according to the TNM system as T2 N2 M0 (Stage IIIA). This means: | several involved regional lymph nodes |
| Chemotherapy is usually administered in cycles because: | cancer cells are in different phases of the cell cycle |
| DNA is composed of four nucleotide bases: adenosine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine. | False |
| Binding of nucleotides is specific such that cytosine (C) always binds with guanine (G). | True |
| Translation is the process of converting a section of DNA to mRNA | False |
| Cell division resulting in two daughter cells is known as mitosis | True |
| Organization of actin and myosin is identical in all types of muscle cells | False |
| It is estimated that the human genome contains approximately how many genes? | 25,000 |
| Deoxyribonucleotides are linked by bonds between | base pairs |
| Synthesis of mRNA from the DNA template is termed what? | transcription |
| Cells differ in structure and function because they: | selectively express certain genes that give them their character |
| The critical factor for initiation of gene transcription is: | assembly of transcription factors at the promoter area |
| The endothelium that lines the blood vessels is categorized as: | epithelial tissue |
| All of the following nucleotide bases are found in RNA except: | thymine |
| A codon is a: | sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid |
| The normal human genome consists of: | 46 chromosomes |
| Genes that code for a particular trait come in several forms called: | alleles |
| Examples of connective tissue include: | cartilage |
| The processes that allow individual cells to develop into complex organisms include all of the following except: | cellular mutation |
| Transcription is inhibited by: | repressor proteins |
| A mutation due to the substitution of one DNA nucleotide for another is called a: | point mutation |
| Genetic disorders that follow predictable patterns of inheritance are called: | single-gene disorders |
| Which of the following chromosomal disorders is categorized as a monosomy? | Turner syndrome |
| Characteristics of autosomal dominant disorders include the fact that: | unaffected individuals do not transmit the disease |
| Individuals affected with which genetic disorder are almost always males? | X-linked disorders |
| The acronym TOUCH refers to infectious diseases that may be teratogenic and include: | toxoplasmosis, others, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes |
| The fetus is most vulnerable to teratogenic influences during: | gestational weeks 3 to 9 |
| Turner syndrome is: | chromosomal aneuploid |
| Klinefelter syndrome is: | chromosomal aneuploid |
| Huntington chorea is: | autosomal dominant |
| Marfan disease is: | autosomal dominant |
| Hemophilia A and B is: | X-linked |
| Phenylketonuria is: | autosomal recessive |
| Down Syndrome is: | chromosomal aneuploid |
| Cystic fibrosis is: | autosomal recessive |
| Hypertension is: | multifactorial |
| What are the four tissue types: | connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous |
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