China and Japan
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Sui Yangdi | the 2nd emperor of the Sui dynasty, completed the Grand Canal, cruel ruler-was murdered. |
| Tang Xuanzang | Emperor who was remembered for devotion to a commoners daughter. |
| Uighurs | hired by the Tang rulers. Northern tribal group of Turkic-speaking people hired to fight for the dynasty. |
| Marco Polo | Italian merchant who described Hangshou to European readers as one of the largest & wealthiest cities. "Prince of Liars" |
| Scholar-gentry | In China, a group of people who controlled much of the land and produced most of the candidates for the civil service. |
| Wu Zhao | Known as empress Wu. She has an exception for Chinese women. |
| Dowry | A gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage either by the bride's parents to her husband or, in Islamic societies, by a husband to his wife. |
| Genghis Khan | "strong ruler", real name is Temujin; gradually unified the Mongols. |
| Khanates | One of the several separate territories into which Genghis Khan's empire was split, each under the rule of one of his sons. |
| Kublai Khan | completed the conquest of the Song and established a new dynasty, Yuan. |
| Neo-Confucianism | a revised form of Confucianism that evolved as a response to Buddhism and held sway in China from the late Tang dynasty to the end of the dynastic system in the 20th century. |
| Porcelain | a ceramic made of fine clay baked at very high temperatures. |
| Shotoku Taishi | a Yamato prince, tried to unify the various clans so that the Japanese could more effectively resist on invasion by the Chinese. |
| Samurai | "those who serve" Japanese warriors similar to the knights of medieval Europe. |
| Bushido | "the way of the warrior" the strict codes by which Japanese samurai were supposed to live. |
| Shogun | "general" a powerful military leader in Japan. |
| Shogunate | the Japanese system of centralized government under a shogun, who exercised actual power while the emperor was reduced to a figurehead. |
| Daimyo | "great names" heads of noble families in Japan who controlled vast landed estates and relied on Samurai for protection. |
| Shinto | "the sacred way" or "the way of the gods" the Japanese state religion;among its doctrines are the divinity of the emperor and the sacredness of the Japanese nation. |
| Zen | a sect of Buddhism that become popular with Japanese aristocrats and became part of the samurais code of behavior; different paths of enlightenment. |
| Sui | 589-615 AD; Chinese Dynasty which followed the period of 6 dynasties |
| Tang | 618-907 AD; Chinese Dynasty during which China becomes the richest and most powerful nation in the world |
| Song | 960-1279 AD; Chinese Dynasty during which China unified to fight invading Monguls |
| Yuan | 1271-1368 AD; first foreign dynasty, Chinese rule by the Mongols |
| Ming Dynasty | 1368-1644 AD; Hung Wu and group of Buddhist monks drove Mongols out |
| Ninja | a class of 14th century Japanese who were trained in martial arts and were hired for espionage and assassinations |
| Yamato | By AD 500 this clan had established Japans first and only dyansty that lasted almost 1000 years |
| Minamoto | Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government in 12th-century Japan |
| Tokugawa | Shoguns that gained power in 1600 and reimposed centralized feudalism, closed Japan to foreigners and forbade Japanese people to travel overseas. |
| Jimmu | Son of a goddess who was the first emperor of Japan |
| Fracis Xavier | Missionary who worked in India during 1540. Worked among outcast and lower cast groups. Later worked in Japan |
| Amaterasu | the sun goddess who created Japan |
| Shotoku | Yamato prince who looked to China as a model for a strong government, unified clans of Japan |
| Lady Muraski | The Tale of the Genji, perhaps the word's first novel was written by her. |
| Mandate of Heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source |
| Tao | the ultimate principle of the universe; "the way" |
| White Lotus Society | Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule |
| Diamond Sutra | the worlds first known printed book, was printed and China,and was also a religious Buddhist text |
| Golden Horde | a Mongolian army that swept over eastern Europe in the 13th century, their cavalry |
| Hara Kari | Japanese samurai ritual suicide |
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