Personality8
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What (2) things characterize personality? | Consistency & Distinctiveness |
| What is Consistency? | stability in behavior overtime across situations |
| What is Distinctiveness? | behavioral differences among people reacting to the same situation |
| What is the BIG 5 [Personality Traits]? | O - openness C - conscientousness E - extraversion A - agreeableness N - neuroticism |
| What are the 4 theories of Personality? | Freud & Jung - Psychodynamic Theories Skinner, Bandure - Behavioral Perspectives Humanistic Perspectives - Hans Biological - Eysenck |
| Basics of Freud's psychoanalytic theory | - Childhood memories and underlying issues. - Behavior governed by the UNCONSCIOUS |
| Freud's (3) Personality Groups | Id, Ego, Super-ego |
| What is the "Id" do? | Pleasure Principal. (you want something, just b/c) |
| What's the Ego do? | Decision-Making, practical. (Weighs want & need) |
| What's the Super-Ego do? | Moral Component (Weighs right & wrong) |
| Freud believed that the conscious mind is used very little. | TRUE |
| Defensive Mechanisms | are unconscious reactions that protect you from anxiety and guilt. ex: Denial, Repression |
| Freud's Theory of Development says.. | development revolves around sexual arousal periods |
| Researchers say personality is.. | Inherited |
| Carl Rogers Theory of Personality says... | Based on Humanism: which emphasizes the unique qualities of humans (freedom/personal growth) 1. People can rise above 2. Are largely CONSCIOUS 3. are NOT governed by determinism |
| General Defense Mechanisms pg. 383 | Repression: Projection: Displacement: Regression: Identification: Reaction Formation: Rationalization: |
| Carl Jung Theory says.. | emphasized the unconscious & that it consists of 2 layers. Personal Unconscious: same as Freud's Collective Unconscious: memory traces from ancestry |
| Adler's Theory of Personality says... | Striving for superiority, to be better than every one else motivates us. he believe Freud though TOO much about sex. Agreed w/ Freud's "childhood memories" |
| Cultural Differences in Personality | Independent v. Dependant |
| What are archetypes? | ancestral meanings of universal meaning. ex: art, religion and dreams |
| (2) Childhood Dev. 1st movements? | Cephalocaudal Trend: Head to feet (turn whole body) Proximodistal Trend: Center to outward |
| Childhood Emotional Development | Attatchment: close bonds of youth and caregiver |
| What're the (3) Theories of Attatchment? | 1. Secure 2. Anxious-Ambivalent 3. Avoidant |
| Culture & Personality says.. | O.C.E.A.N remains the same across cultures - traits are universal |
| Independent Cultures are? | Western, they focus on themselves. |
| Interdependent Cultures are? | Eastern, they focus on connectedness w/ others |
| Erikson: (3) Stage Theories of Personality Development | 1. Process through stages in order 2. " " Related to age (6 yrs. old, DO THIS) 3. Major discontinuities in development |
| Piaget's Theory says.. | That environment and cognition alter knowledge. (Cognitive Development is based on wrong answers on the IQ tests.) |
| Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory says.. | cognitive development in kids occur through social interactions w. teachers, parents, and older kids. |
| Kohlberg's Stage Theory says.. | Punishment: naive reward, good girl! Authority: Social contact, your conscious 3levels: Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional |
| Who introduced Incongruence? | Carl Rogers. It means a gap between one's self concept and one's actual experience |
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