ist 2 Ch. of Neurophys
About this set
Created by:
ambershahbaz on March 20, 2009
Classes:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pacinian Corpuscles, Ruffinis endings, Free nerve endings | Name mechanoreceptors in the subcutaneous layer of skin? |
| Merckels Disks, Meissners Corpuscles, and Hair follicules | Name mechanoreceptors in the superficial layer of skin? |
| Merkels Disk and Ruffinis Endings | Which mechanoreceptors are slowly adaptive so they generate a sustained response during long stimulus? |
| Meisners Corpuscle and Pacinian Corpuscle (the rapid vibrators) | Which mechanoreceptors are rapidly adapting to stimulus so they respond quickly at first but then stop firing? |
| one receptor that responds to mechanical, chem., and thermal pain stimuli | polymodal nociceptor |
| Pacinian Corp and Ruffini end | Which mechanoreceptors have a large receptive field? |
| Meissners corp and Merkels disk (M&M is small for a guy) | Which mechanoreceptors have a small receptive field? |
| a decreased threshold for pain, an increased intensity of painful stimuli | hyperalgesia |
| warning system for harmful stimuli, w/drawel reflexes, helps us find an infection, know to rest an injury, prevent muscoloskeletall damage | what are the roles of pain? |
| higher density of mechanorec., have tons of receptor types w/ small recep. fields, more brain tissue devoted to sensory info on finger | why are fingertips better at Braille than the elbow? |
| homunculus | A somatotopic map is sometimes called a what? |
| the density of sensory input receives from that part, and importance of sensory input | the size of the cortex devoted to each body part is correlated with what? |
| Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, stimuli goes to area close to pain which overstimulates and causes temp. pain releif | Whats TENS and whats it do? |
| higher, discriminate | The smaller a receptive field, the _____the density of receptors and the more ____they'll be. |
| nonhairy | glaberous skin |
| periaquaductal grey, opiods, endorphins | Name 3 descending pain regulators |
| certain neurons in dorsal horn are excited by both large myelinated sense axons and small unmyelinated pain axons. If they fire simultaneously an interneuron inhibits signal, but if pain fires alone the signal goes thru | Melzak and Wall's Gate Theory of Pain? |
| Most-fingers, then lips, then big toes. Least-calf, then back, then forearm | During tactile discrimination test which body parts are most sensitive, least? |
| slowest, unmyelinated, pain, itch, temp | C-fibers |
| slower, least myelin (thin), pain and temp | Delta fibers |
| 2nd fastest, mechanorec. of skin, 2nd largest myelinated | Beta fibers |
| fastest transmission, most myelin, largest, cary info from proprioceptors of skeletal mm (alpha males have large muscles) | Alpha Fibers |
| directly depolarizes neuronal membraines to make nociceptors more sens. to increase chance of act. potential | K+ ions |
| ascending fibers from viscera and skin run close together and sometimes cause you to feel visceral sensation in the skin | Referred Pain |
| Subst. P Initially causes pain, but w/ repeated exposure the receptor b/ms desensitized | In hot peppers, capsaicin causes release of what , which causes what? |
| Glutamate (released from synapt. vescicles in nociceptor a. terminal) and Subst. P (released from storage granules in theterminal) | Name and describe 2 neurotransmitters in pain pathway? |
| A-delta for acute pain (Pain that comes on quickly, can be severe, but lasts a relatively short time) and C-fibers for itch and long chronic pain | Name 2 types of primary pain afferants? |
| reduce prostaglandin synth. w/out GI side effects, bbut has neg. cardiovasc. side effects. Ex: celebrex and bextra | COX-2 Inhibitors |
| ensures natural mucus lining to protect stomach | A function of COX-1? |
| COX-2 and COX-2 | `What 2 enzymes are necessary for prostaglandin synthesis? |
| direct stretch or bending of nociceptive membrane and subst. released by damages cells at injury site | What opens the ion channels of nociceptors? |
| inhibits both COX 1and COX 2, ex. motrin, advil, aleve. GI side effects | NSAIDs? |
| increase pain in tissues surrounding a damaged area. Ex. touch an area right beside a wound | Secondary hyperalgesia |
| pain in or on an area of damaged tissue. Ex: touch a wound and it hurts more than normal | primary algesia |
| mechanical, extreme temp, O2 deprivation, chem exposure | What types of stimuli activate nociceptors? |
| small recep field so more dense, slow response, superficial pressure (Small Steve Merkle applied superficial pressure to his small wound) | Merkels Disk |
| light touch and vibration, superficial, small fielld, rapid adapting (small meissners vibrators lightly and rapidly touch my clit) | Meissners Corp |
| rapid adapt., large recep field, subcutaneous, deep touch and vibration (large pacinian vibrator deeply and rapidly touches my vagina) | Pacinian Corp |
| slower transmissions, itch stimulus | Free nerve endings |
| subcutaneous, stretch to skin, slow response, large fields (Do the Ruffinis stretch slowly to get larger ROM) | Ruffinis ends |
| polypeptide that binds to receptor molecules that activate ion channel opening in some nocicep., directly depolarizes nocicep., stimulates long lasting intracell changes to make ion channels more senst. | bradykinin |
| supress the release of glutamate fom presyn term and inhibits postsyn term by hyperpolarization. Prevent passage of pain signals thru dorsal horn to higher brain levels | What do endorphins do at the cellular level? |
| area of skin innervated by R and L dorsal roots of a single spinal segment | dermatone |
| sensitive to phys distortion like bending or stretching. Monitor skin contact, heart b. vessel pressure, stretch of dig. organs and bladder, force against teeth | mechanoreceptors |
| free branching unmyelinated nerve endings that signal a body tissue is being or is at ris of being hurt | nociceptor |
| in dorsal root ganglion and cranial n ganglion | Where do primary afferant axon's cell bodies lie? |
| axons that bring info receptors to the CNS | Primary Afferant Axons |
| all in CNS but more concentrated in areas that process nocicep. info.; are endogenous opiod-like subst which are small proteins or peptides | Endorphins |
| act by binding tightly and specifically to several types of opoid recep., applied systemically or epiduraly | opioids |
| a chem relesased by the enzymatic breakdown of a lipid membrain, most pain meds act to inhibit it, they increase sensitivity of nociceptors to pain stimuli, but don't directly elicit pain | prostaglandin |
| peptide neurotransmitter synth and released by nociceptors, activ of 1 branch leads to activ. of surrounding branches, causes vasodilation, and tells mast cells to relase histamine | Subst P |
| swelling, redness, and membraine depolarization at nocicep and sensitized other nocicep. at injured site | histamine |
| PAG's descending neurons are sent to raphe nuclei in medulla, synase and those fibers are then sent to dorsal horn of spinal cord where serotonin is released and depresses nociceptors | Periaqueductal Grey Matter |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.