Chapter 24: Nutrition
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nutrient: The building block of the diet... | A biochemical substance used by the body for growth, maintenance, and repair. For optimal health, the diet must be sufficient in a variety of nutrients. |
| Ptyalin | The enzyme in salica, begins the breakdown of starches into simpler sugars. |
| Metabolism | The process by which energy from nutrients is used by the cells or stroed for later use. |
| Anabolic Metabolism | This process builds up substances and body tissues. |
| Catabolic Metabolism | This process breaks down substances and body tissues. |
| Requirements for an Adults Metabolism | 9 amino acids, 1 fatty acid, 13 vitamins, and 12 minerals. |
| Energy Nutrients | Carbs, protiens, and fats are collectively called the energy nutriens because they contibute the energy value (calories) from food. |
| Calorie | Common term for kilocalorie (kcal), a measure of the potential energy of carbs, protein, and fat content of food. |
| Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) | The amount of energy needed to maintain essential body functions expressed as calories per hour per swuare meter of body surface. |
| Glycogen | The form in which carbs are stored in the muscle tissue of humans and animals. When body needs quick energy, it uses glycogen stores which are then broken into glucose by enzymes. |
| Starch (a form of carbs) | Plants store glucose and used this energy for growth. When we eat plants, we get the gluccese which is used for energy or can be rearranged to form glycogen for storage. |
| Requirements of Carbohydrates | The recommended % is appoximately 50-60% of total caloric intake. Carbs as an energy source provides 4kal/g. |
| The guidlines for a quick estimate based on the "usual" height-weight figure... | A man of 5 feet 0 inches should wweigh about 106 pounds. Add 6 pounds for each additional inch. A woman of 5 feet 0 inches should weigh about 100 pounds. Add 5 pounds for each additional inch. |
| What is Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)? | Resting energy expenditure represents the amount of calories required or a 24-hour period by the body during a non-active period. |
| How do you calculate REE? | Men ages 18-30 = 15.3 X body weight (kg) + 679 Men ages 30-60 = 11.6 X body weight (kg) + 879 Women ages 18-30 = 14.7 X body weight (kg) + 496 Women ages 30-60 = 8.7 X body weight (kg) + 829 |
| What is the healthy weight gain average during pregnancy? | For women entering pregnancy at a normal weight should gain 24-35 lbs during pregnancy. Underweight women should gain the amount they are underweight plus pregnancy gain of 25 pounds. Overweight women are encourages to gain about 20 pounds. |
| The 3 Major Causes of Death in the USA | Heart disease, stroke and cancer. A diet hgh in fat and calories has been assosicated with these. |
| Which fats are best? | Unsaturated fats are best. Polyunsaturated fats (liquid at toom temp) have a cholesterol-lowering effect, and vegatable oils containing polyunsaturated fats aer the best source of vitamin E. Hydrogenated vegetable oil has a cholesterol-elevating effect. |
| What are the five groups in MyPyramid and their recommended dietary allowance(RDA)? | Grains-6oz, vegatables-2.5 cups, fruits-2cups, milk-3cups, meat and beans-5.5oz. |
| Vitamin K K1-phylloquinone K2-menaquinone Synthetic-menadione | Essential to blood clotting, essential for formation of prothrombin which permits proper clotting of blood. Absorption is improved when there is fat in the diet because it is a fat soluble vitamin. It is used to treat cases of hemorrhage.Used as an antedote for an overdose of an anticoagulant (blood thinners). The best sources of vitamin K are green leafy vegatables. |
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